贝莱斯芽孢杆菌ZHX-7的分离鉴定及抑菌促生效果  

Isolation and Identification of Bacillus velezensis ZHX-7 and Its Antibacterial and Growth-promoting Effects

作　　者：李莹 宋新颖 何康 郭志青 于静 张霞 LI Ying;SONG Xin-ying;HE Kang;GUO Zhi-qing;YU Jing;ZHANG Xia(Shandong Peanut Research Institute,Qingdao 266100)

机构地区：[1]山东省花生研究所,青岛266100

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2023年第12期229-236,共8页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31901940,32202326,31972967);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021QD153,ZR2020QC131);青岛市自然科学基金项目(23-2-1-46-zyyd-jch);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2021B33,CXGC2023A46)。

摘　　要：为获得高效拮抗花生病害的生防微生物,以花生冠腐病菌为指示菌,采用稀释涂布平板法和平板对峙法,从山东莱西采集的花生连作田的病、健株根际土壤样品中筛选到1株高效生防菌株,编号为ZHX-7。结合形态学特征和16S rDNA、gyrB序列分析,确定ZHX-7为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)。ZHX-7的菌悬液、无菌发酵液和挥发性气体对花生白绢病菌、基腐病菌、网斑病菌和轮斑病菌菌丝生长的抑制均达到极显著的水平,平板对峙试验表明ZHX-7的菌悬液对花生白绢病菌、基腐病菌、网斑病菌和轮斑病菌的抑菌率分别为64.40%、70.37%、77.43%和65.32%。在以ZHX-7无菌发酵液稀释10倍的PDA培养基上,花生白绢病菌、基腐病菌、网斑病菌和轮斑病菌菌丝的生长抑制率分别为67.81%、52.16%、23.52%和69.93%。双皿对扣试验表明ZHX-7的挥发性气体对花生白绢病菌、基腐病菌、网斑病菌和轮斑病菌的抑菌率分别为86.82%、35.40%、81.70%和44.19%。ZHX-7可产生蛋白酶、纤维素酶和淀粉酶等次级代谢产物;此外,在温室盆栽条件下,ZHX-7有菌发酵液明显促进了花生的生长,同对照相比,鲜质量、干质量分别增加31.24%和26.47%,并且ZHX-7有菌发酵液明显提高了花生对白绢病的抗性,防效达到51.76%。综上所述,本研究筛选获得的一株贝莱斯芽孢杆菌ZHX-7,能够抑制多种花生病原真菌,同时促进花生生长,是一株具有宽广拮抗谱的多功能菌株,具有较好的生防应用潜力。In order to obtain highly effective biocontrol microorganism for controlling peanut diseases,using Aspergillus niger as the indicator,a highly effective biocontrol strain ZHX-7 was screened from soil samples by agar disk dilution and dual-culture assay.The soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of diseased and healthy peanut plants in continuous cropping field in Laixi,Shandong province.The strain ZHX-7 was identified as Bacillus velezensis based on the morphological characteristics,16S rDNA and gyrB sequence analysis.The bacterial suspension,sterile fermentation broth and volatile gas of ZHX-7 significantly inhibited the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii,Fusarium neocosmosporiellum,Phoma arachidicola and Alternaria alternata.The antagonistic experiment results showed that the inhibition rates of ZHX-7 suspension against the growth of S.rolfsii,F.neocosmosporiellum,P.arachidicola and A.alternata were 64.40%,70.37%,77.43%and 65.32%,respectively.In the sterile fermentation broth of ZHX-7 diluted 10 times with PDA medium,the inhibition rates of ZHX-7 against the growth of S.rolfsii,F.neocosmosporiellum,P.arachidicola and A.alternata were 67.81%,52.16%,23.52%and 69.93%,respectively.The double dish test showed that the inhibition rates of ZHX-7 volatile gas against the growth of S.rolfsii,F.neocosmosporiellum,P.arachidicola and A.alternata were 86.82%,35.40%,81.70%and 44.19%,respectively.ZHX-7 produced secondary metabolites such as protease,cellulose and amylase.In addition,under the condition of pot culture in greenhouse,ZHX-7 fermentation broth significantly promoted the growth of peanut.Compared with the control,the fresh mass and dry mass increased by 31.24%and 26.47%,respectively.ZHX-7 fermentation broth improved the resistance of peanut to S.rolfsii,and the control effect reached 51.76%.In conclusion,a strain of B.velezensis ZHX-7 screened in this study may inhibit a variety of peanut pathogenic fungi and promote peanut growth at the same time.It is a multifunctional strain with broad antagonistic spectrum

关 键 词：贝莱斯芽孢杆菌 花生病害 分离鉴定 抑菌率 生物防治 促生作用 白绢病菌 

分 类 号：S476.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S435.652[农业科学—植物保护]