中国牦牛资源开发利用研究进展  

Research Progress on Exploitation and Utilization of Yak Resources in China

作　　者：张强 俄广鑫[4] 平措占堆[1,2,3] 巴桑旺堆 ZHANG Qiang;E Guangxin;PINGCUO Zhandui;BASANG Wangdui(State Key Laboratory of Barley and Yak Germplasm Researches and Genetics Improvement,Lhasa 850000,China;Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science,Lhasa 850000,China;Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Lhasa 850000,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Southwest University,Chongqing 400417,China)

机构地区：[1]省部共建青稞和牦牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室,拉萨850000 [2]西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所,拉萨850000 [3]农业农村部青藏高原畜禽遗传育种重点实验室,拉萨850000 [4]西南大学动物科学技术学院,重庆400417

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第12期7492-7518,共27页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：牦牛良种繁育关键技术集成应用(2021YFD1600200);查吾拉牦牛良种繁育关键技术集成与范(QYXTZX-NQ2022-01);国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系(CARS-37);牦牛种业创新与健康养殖(XZ202101ZD0002N);西藏牦牛品种选育提高与高效健康养殖集成示范(2022YFD1302101);聂荣县牦牛高效养殖技术研究(QYXTZX-NQ2021-03);阿里地区改则县野血牦牛健康养殖营养调控技术研究与示范(QYXTZX-AL2021-02)。

摘　　要：我国青藏高原拥有世界牦牛最大存栏量,且牦牛养殖业是我国高原牧区最重要的畜牧支柱产业。我国地方牦牛品种资源丰富,其不仅具有优异的高原适应性优势,而且在鲜肉品质、乳制品、毛皮品质等方面的经济性能优势突出。然而,由于高原地区自然条件恶劣、科技水平及饲养管理水平落后等多种因素,致使当前我国固有牦牛资源品种遗传改良进程缓慢、生产力低下。本文全面综述了我国当前牦牛种质资源保护概况、主要牦牛品种生产性能特征、牦牛群体遗传多样性与种群系统发育关系研究成果以及牦牛重要经济及适应性性状相关候选基因与遗传标记筛选的研究进展。这可为我国牦牛遗传资源保护与利用、牦牛新品种(系)的培育以及我国牦牛产业良性发展提供参考。The Qinghai Tibet Plateau in China has the world’s largest yak stock,and yak breeding is the most important livestock industry in the plateau pastoral areas of China.China has abundant resources of local yak breeds,which not only have excellent plateau adaptability advantages,but also have outstanding economic performance advantages in fresh meat quality,dairy products,fur quality,and other aspects.However,due to various factors such as poor natural conditions,outdated technology and breeding management in plateau areas,causing a slow breeding improvement and low economic productivity of domestic yak low in China.This manuscript comprehensively reviewed the current situation of yak genetic resources’conversation in China,the production performance characteristics of major yak breeds,the research results of the relationship between population genetic diversity and population phylogeny,and the research progress of candidate genes and genetic marker screening related to important economic and adaptive traits of yaks.This provides reference for the protection and utilization of yak genetic resources,the cultivation of new yak breed(strains)as well as the continuously healthy development of Chinese yak industry.

关 键 词：牦牛 遗传资源保护 经济性状 适应性状 

分 类 号：S823.8[农业科学—畜牧学]