荷斯坦奶牛产犊前后瘤胃发酵参数及微生物区系变化规律的研究  

Study on Changes of Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Microflora in Dairy Cows before and after Delivery

作　　者：马丽琴[1,2] 温万 田佳 厉龙 王琨 周佳敏 李委奇 路婷婷 徐寒 王玲 MA Liqin;WEN Wan;TIAN Jia;LI Long;WANG Kun;ZHOU Jiamin;LI Weiqi;LU Tingting;XU Han;WANG Ling(College of Agriculturel,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Animal Husbandry Workstation,Yinchuan 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏回族自治区畜牧工作站,银川750002

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第12期7852-7864,共13页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区农业特色优势产业新品种选育专项—优质高产奶牛选育(2019NYYZ05)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究奶牛产犊前后瘤胃发酵参数及微生物区系变化规律。选取20头年龄、体况、胎次、预产期及上一胎次泌乳量相近的健康荷斯坦待产奶牛,随机从中选取6头奶牛于产前7 d(-7 d)和产后7 d(+7 d)晨饲前采集瘤胃液,测定奶牛产犊前后瘤胃发酵参数和微生物组成。结果表明:1)奶牛在产后瘤胃液pH较产前极显著降低(P<0.01),瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸、丙酸浓度较产前极显著增加(P<0.01),乙酸浓度较产前显著增加(P<0.05),瘤胃氨态氮浓度在产犊前后差异不显著(P>0.05),瘤胃微生物蛋白浓度在产后有降低趋势(0.05≤P<0.10)。2)16S rRNA高通量测序结果表明,与产前比较,产后奶牛瘤胃细菌Alpha多样性指数极显著降低(P<0.01)。在门水平上,奶牛产后瘤胃厚壁菌门、Patescibacteria、Kiritimatiellaeota、螺旋体门、纤维杆菌门、疣状菌门、黏胶球形菌门和WPS-2的相对丰度较产前极显著降低(P<0.01),变形菌门和蓝藻门相对丰度较产前极显著增加(P<0.01),放线菌门相对丰度较产前显著增加(P<0.05)。在属水平上,奶牛产后瘤胃普雷沃氏菌属_7、Shuttleworthia相对丰度较产前显著增加(P<0.05),瘤胃球菌属、厌氧弧菌属、理研菌科RC9肠道群、克里斯滕菌科R-7群、真杆菌群属、Candidatus_Saccharimonas、Papillibacter、Saccharofermentans相对丰度较产前极显著降低(P<0.01),欧氏菌属和嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌相对丰度较产前极显著增加(P<0.01)。3)ITS高通量测序结果表明,与产前比较,奶牛产后瘤胃真菌Chao1指数和ACE指数显著增加(P<0.05),香农指数和辛普森指数极显著降低(P<0.01)。在门水平上,奶牛产后被子植物门相对丰度极显著高于产前(P<0.01),子囊菌门和担子菌门相对丰度极显著低于产前(P<0.01),绿藻门相对丰度显著低于产前(P<0.05)。在属水平上,奶牛产后瘤胃棉属相对丰度极显著高于产前(P<0.01),曲霉属、藜属、枝顶孢属和Acremonium�This experiment was conducted to study the changes of rumen fermentation parameters and microflora in dairy cows before and after delivery.Twenty Holstein cows(similar in age,body condition,number of lactation,due date and milk yield of last parity)were selected and six cows of them were randomly selected,rumen fluid was collected before morning feeding at 7 d prenatal(-7 d)and 7 d postnatal(+7 d)to detect rumen fermentation parameters and microbial composition.The results showed as follows:1)the pH in postpartum period was extremely significantly lower than that in prenatal period(P<0.01),the concentrations of total volatile fatty acids(TVFA)and propionate in postpartum period were extremely significantly higher than those in prenatal period(P<0.01),the concentration of acetate in postpartum period was significantly higher than that in prenatal period(P<0.05),the difference between rumen ammoniacal nitrogen(NH 3-N)before and after delivery was not significant(P>0.05),and rumen microprotein(MCP)concentration tended to decrease after parturition(0.05≤P<0.10).2)The results of 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing showed that the alpha diversity indexes of rumen bacteria in dairy cows was significantly lower than that in prenatal period(P<0.01).At the phylum level,the relative abundance of rumen Firmicutes,Patescibacteria,Kiritimatiellaeota,Spirochaetes,Fibrobacteres,Verrucomicrobia,Lentisphaerae and WPS-2 was extremely significantly lower than that in prenatal period(P<0.01),the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria was extremely significantly higher than that in prenatal period(P<0.01),and the relative abundance of Actinomycetes was significantly higher than that in prenatal period(P<0.05).At the genus level,the relative abundance of Prevotella_7 and Shuttleworthia was significantly higher than that in prenatal period(P<0.05),and the relative abundance of Ruminococcus,Anaerovorax,Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group,Christensenellaceae_R-7_group,[Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group,Candidatus_Saccharimona

关 键 词：荷斯坦奶牛 产犊前后 瘤胃指标 瘤胃细菌 瘤胃真菌 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]