饲料中蛋白质和淀粉水平对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、体组成、肝胰腺和血淋巴生理生化指标的影响  

Effects of Dietary Protein and Starch Levels on Growth Performance,Body Composition,Physiological and Biochemical Indexes in Hepatopancreas and Hemolymph of Litopenaeus vannamei

作　　者：朱学芝 姚春凤 王昊 胡蝶 刘丽燕 郑石轩 ZHU Xuezhi;YAO Chunfeng;WANG Hao;HU Die;LIU Liyan;ZHENG Shixuan(Guangdong Yuehai Feed Group Co.,Ltd.,Zhanjiang 524017,China)

机构地区：[1]广东粤海饲料集团股份有限公司,湛江524017

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第12期7969-7977,共9页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：2022年省级乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴项目(2022-SPY-00-001)。

摘　　要：本试验以初始体重为0.81 g的凡纳滨对虾为研究对象,在盐度30‰条件下研究饲料中蛋白质和淀粉水平对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、体组成、肝胰腺和血淋巴生理生化指标的影响。采用3×2双因子试验设计,设3个蛋白质水平(36%、39%和42%)和2个淀粉水平(13%和18%),共配制6种试验饲料。每种试验饲料随机投喂3桶试验虾,每桶30尾,每天投喂4次。试验期为8周。结果显示:饲料中蛋白质水平显著影响凡纳滨对虾的特定生长率、饲料系数和蛋白质效率(P<0.05),而饲料中淀粉水平则对凡纳滨对虾的特定生长率、饲料系数和蛋白质效率无显著影响(P>0.05)。42%蛋白质+13%淀粉组凡纳滨对虾有最高的特定生长率。无论是在13%还是18%淀粉水平下,39%蛋白质组的特定生长率和饲料系数均与42%蛋白质组无显著差异(P>0.05)。36%蛋白质+13%淀粉组凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺中淀粉酶活性最高,并显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。饲料中淀粉水平对凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺中己糖激酶活性有显著影响(P<0.05),己糖激酶活性随着饲料中淀粉水平的升高而升高。饲料中蛋白质水平对凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺中肝糖原浓度有显著影响(P<0.05),肝糖原浓度随着饲料中蛋白质水平的升高而升高。饲料中蛋白质水平对凡纳滨对虾血淋巴中氨和总蛋白浓度有显著影响(P<0.05),氨和总蛋白浓度随着饲料中蛋白质水平的升高而升高。饲料中蛋白质和淀粉水平对凡纳滨对虾虾体的水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。综合分析得出,在本试验条件下,凡纳滨对虾饲料中适宜的蛋白质和淀粉水平分别为39%和13%。In this study,Litopenaeus vannamei(initial average weight:0.81 g)was selected as the research subject,and the effects of dietary protein and starch levels on the growth performance,body composition,physiological and biochemical indexes in hepatopancreas and hemolymph of Litopenaeus vannamei were studied under salinity of 30‰.Six experimental diets were formulated with 3 protein levels(36%,39%and 42%)and 2 starch levels(13%and 18%)using 3×2 two-factor experimental design.Each diet was randomly assigned to three tanks of 30 shrimps per tank and shrimps were fed four times daily.The trial lasted for 8 weeks.The results showed that dietary protein level significantly affected the special growth rate(SGR),feed conversion rate(FCR)and protein efficiency ratio(PER)of Litopenaeus vannamei(P<0.05),while dietary starch level had no significant effects on the SGR,FCR and PER of Litopenaeus vannamei(P>0.05).The highest SGR of Litopenaeus vannamei was found in the 42%protein+13%starch group.The SGR and FCR of Litopenaeus vannamei in the 39%protein group were not significantly different from those of the 42%protein group at either 13%or 18%starch levels(P>0.05).The amylase activity in hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei in the 36%protein+13%starch group was the highest,and it was significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0.05).Dietary starch level had significant effects on hexokinase activity in hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei(P<0.05),and the hexokinase activity was increased with the increase of dietary starch level.Dietary protein level had significant effects on hepatic glycogen concentration in hepatopancreas of Litopenopenus vannamei(P<0.05),and hepatic glycogen concentration was increased with the increase of dietary protein level.Dietary protein level had significant effects on the concentrations of ammonia and total protein in hemolymph of Litopenopenus vannamei(P<0.05),and the concentrations of ammonia and total protein increased with the increase of dietary protein level.Dietary protein and starc

关 键 词：蛋白质 淀粉 凡纳滨对虾 生长性能 肝胰腺 血淋巴 生理生化指标 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]