不同灌溉方式对生菜蒸发蒸腾量及作物系数的影响  

Effects of different irrigation methods on evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of Lactuca sativa

作　　者：张雷 李尤亮 王杰 汪骞[3] 曹言 马显莹 吴灏 ZHANG Lei;LI Youliang;WANG Jie;WANG Qian;CAO Yan;MA Xianying;WU Hao(Yunnan Research Institute of Water and Hydropower Science,Kunming 650228;Water Demand of Crops under Plateau Three-Dimensional Climate Yunnan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station,Kunming 650228;Horticulture Reseach Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science,Kunming 650228;College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009)

机构地区：[1]云南省水利水电科学研究院,昆明650228 [2]高原立体气候条件作物需水云南省野外科学观测研究站,昆明650228 [3]云南省农业科学院园艺作物研究所,昆明650228 [4]扬州大学水利科学与工程学院,扬州225009

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2023年第6期1092-1097,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：科技人才与平台计划“高原立体气候条件作物需水云南省野外科学观测研究站”(202105AM070009);云南省水资源费项目“区域作物需水与用水定额研究”和云南省水资源费项目“云南省现代化灌溉节水技术示范应用”共同资助。

摘　　要：为了解云南省滇中地区生菜生育期内蒸发蒸腾量、作物系数、水分利用效率对微喷灌、不覆膜滴灌和覆膜滴灌的响应规律,于2020年11月至2021年1月、2021年11月至2022年1月在云南省灌溉试验中心站开展了生菜灌溉试验。结果表明:对于蒸发蒸腾量及日蒸发蒸腾强度而言,在全生育期及各生育阶段覆膜滴灌模式下最大,其次为不覆膜滴灌,最小为微喷灌。覆膜滴灌、不覆膜滴灌和微喷灌模式下全生育期蒸发蒸腾量,2020年分别为82.1、60.2和52.0 mm;2021年分别为88.4、77.2和72.8 mm。生菜作物系数,在全生育期覆膜滴灌模式下最大,其次为不覆膜滴灌,最小为微喷灌;在各生育阶段,不同年景生菜作物系数变化规律存在差异。受灌溉方式的影响,覆膜滴灌下的生菜产量及水分利用效率大于不覆膜滴灌和微喷灌,不覆膜滴灌下的生菜产量及水分利用效率大于微喷灌。覆膜滴灌、不覆膜滴灌和微喷灌模式下生菜水分利用效率,2020年分别为45.65、42.01和41.58 kg·m^(-3),2021年分别为50.33、45.86和36.82 kg·m^(-3)。To study the effects of micro-sprinkler irrigation,drip irrigation and drip irrigation under mulch,on the evapotranspiration,crop coefficient and water use efficiency of Lactuca sativa,three irrigation treatments includ-ing micro-sprinkler irrigation,drip irrigation and drip irrigation under mulch were carried out in the field at the Irriga-tion Experimental Center Station of Yunnan Province during the periods of Nov.2020 to Jan.2021 and Nov.2021 to Jan.2022.The results showed that the evapotranspiration of Lactuca sativa was highest under drip irrigation with mulch,followed by drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation in each and the whole growth period.The evapotran-spiration during the entire growth period under mulched drip irrigation,non-mulched drip irrigation,and micro-spray irrigation were 82.1,60.22,and 52.0 mm in 2020,respectively.In the subsequent year of 2021,these values were 88.4,77.2,and 72.8 mm correspondingly.The crop coefficient was also highest under drip irrigation with mulch,followed by drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation in the whole growth period.In each growth stage,the variation of crop coefficient was different in different years.The yield and water use efficiency were the highest under drip irrigation with mulch,followed by drip irrigation,and the lowest was under micro-sprinkler irrigation.The water use efficiency(WUE)of lettuce under mulching drip irrigation,non-mulching drip irrigation,and micro-spray irrigation were 45.65,42.01,and 41.58 kg·m-3 in 2020,respectively.In 2021,the WUE values were observed as 50.33 kg·m-3 for mulching drip irrigation,45.86 kg·m-3 for non-mulching drip irrigation,and 36.82 kg·m-3 for micro-spray irrigation.

关 键 词：蒸发蒸腾量 作物系数 生菜产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]