含有氮化硼势垒层的三明治结构聚合物基复合介质储能特性研究  

Energy Storage Performance of Sandwich Structure Polymer-Based Composite Dielectric with Boron Nitride Barrier Layer

作　　者：冯宇[1] 程伟晔 岳东 张文超 迟庆国 Feng Yu;Cheng Weiye;Yue Dong;Zhang Wenchao;Chi Qingguo(Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application,Ministry of Education Harbin University of Science and Technology,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]工程电介质及其应用教育部重点实验室(哈尔滨理工大学),哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2024年第1期121-134,共14页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52177017);黑龙江省自然科学基金优秀青年项目(YQ2021E036)资助。

摘　　要：聚合物基高温储能介质因其较高的功率密度及优异的充放电效率被广泛应用在电气和电子等领域。该文选用不同粒径的氮化硼纳米片(BNNSs)作为填料,掺杂到聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)中构建势垒层,添加在纯PEI两侧制备拥有三明治结构的复合薄膜,探究粒径大小在不同温度/填充体积分数下对复合薄膜的介电性能及储能性能的影响。研究发现,构建BNNSs势垒层的三明治结构复合薄膜显著抑制了介质的高温电导,提高了充放电效率,且较小粒径BNNSs填充势垒层能更有效地提高击穿场强和储能密度,其中掺杂200 nm粒径BNNSs体积分数为5%的复合薄膜在常温下的储能密度可达5.65J/cm^(3),充放电效率高达96%,即使在150℃下,储能密度和充放电效率也可分别达到2.52 J/cm^(3)和95%。通过随机击穿模型阐明了粒径大小及三明治势垒层结构对击穿性能的提升机制。该文提出的含有势垒层的三明治复合结构为高温下复合薄膜储能特性优化提供了新的策略。Faced with the application requirements of various electromagnetic devices and new energy vehicle inverters,film capacitors that combine easy processability with high charge/discharge density and efficiency are receiving more attention.However,the commonly used commercial BOPP films on the market cannot be used in high temperature applications due to their own structural limitations,and the charge/discharge energy density and efficiency are also low,so the development of high energy storage density film capacitors for high temperature applications is the future development trend.In order to solve the problem of poor energy storage performance due to the low breakdown field strength(Eb)of pure polymer energy storage films,composite structural design of broadband inorganic materials with polymers is an effective way.In this work,in order to reduce the effects of poor compatibility between inorganic and polymer surfaces due to excessive differences in physicochemical properties,resulting in electric field distortion,polyetherimide(PEI)was chosen as the matrix,BNNSs with wide forbidden bands and high thermal conductivity were used as fillers,a potential barrier layer doped with BNNSs was constructed on both sides of the pure PEI film by electrostatic spinning,and sandwich structured polymer-based composite films were designed and prepared.By increasing the overall barrier height of the composite film and suppressing the carrier injection and internal breakdown path development at the electrode at high temperature,the Eb of the composite film is finally enhanced and the conductivity loss is reduced.Moreover,by comparing the doping of different particle sizes of BNNSs,it was found that the filler size plays a role in regulating the microstructure and macroscopic properties in the structure design,and eventually the smaller size of 200 nm BNNSs obtained higher energy storage density and charge/discharge efficiency,and the energy storage density and charge/discharge efficiency of the composite film filled with 5%BNNSs re

关 键 词：电介质薄膜 聚醚酰亚胺 氮化硼 介电性能 储能密度 

分 类 号：TM211[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]