成也家,败也家——进化心理学视野中的三类汉代家庭  

Three Kinds of Families in the Han Dynasty from the Perspective of Evolutionary Psychology

作　　者：徐英瑾[1] XU Ying-jin(School of Philosophy,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院,上海200433

出　　处：《山西师大学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期1-12,共12页Journal of Shanxi Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(22BZX031);国家自然科学基金项目(L2124040)。

摘　　要：在儒家理论脉络中,修身齐家乃是治国平天下的必要条件。不过,这样的理论却未涉及一个问题:修身齐家是不是治国的充分条件或是充分必要条件?答案可能是否定的。如果这里所说的“家庭”仅仅是属地小家庭、主干家庭或联合家庭的话,那么,只要家庭成员的总数不至于超出邓巴数太远,家庭成员彼此之间的“守望相助”依然能够将大家庭本身建设成一个健康的伦理共同体。而一旦家庭的规模超越了邓巴数规定的上限,那么,由于人类心智的信息处理能力从采集—狩猎时代演化而来的信息处理上限的制约,儒家大家庭就会走向分裂与解体。因此,若要在远超地域性的广袤土地上建立更复杂的社会,这样的社会就不能仅仅依赖基于温情的家庭建构原则,而必须依赖于抽象人假设的新建构原则,由此在“家”与“国”之间设置缓冲器,并同时借此在社会网络迅速扩大的前提下有效减少个体心智的信息处理负担。In the context of Confucian theory,self-cultivation is the necessary condition of governing the coumtry and the world.However,such comments do not address the question of whether self-cultivation is a sufficient condition or necessity and sufficiency for running a country.The answer may be no.If the"family"here is only a small territorial family,a dominant family,or a united family,then as long as the total number of family members does not exceed Dunbar's number too far,the"watch and help"among family members can still build the big family itself into a healthy ethical community.Once the size of the family exceeds the upper limit set by Dunbar's number,due to the upper limit of the human mind's ability to process information evolved from the hunter-gatherer era,it would be easy to split and disintegrate the Confucian family.Thus,to build a more complex society on a vast territory far beyond the region,such a society must rely not only on the principles of family construction hased on warth,but also on the principles of new construction based on the assumption of abstract man,thus,a buffer is built between"home"and"country",and at the same time,it can effectively reduce the information processing burden of individual's mind under the premise of the rapid expansion of social network.

关 键 词：邓巴数 属地小家庭 属地大家庭 帝国型超级家庭 儒家 进化心理学 

分 类 号：C912.6[经济管理]