不同粗料组成对泌乳中后期奶牛瘤胃菌群与瘤胃发酵参数的影响  

Effects of different crude feed composition on rumen microflora and rumen fermentation parameters of dairy cows in mid-to-late lactation

作　　者：赵晓静[1] 刘嫣然 李晓辉 张峰[4] 高艳霞[5] 左晓磊 王晓芳[2] 何团拥[2] 孙凤莉[2] 张建设 申栋 ZHAO Xiaojing;LIU Yanran;LI Xiaohui;ZHANG Feng;GAO Yanxia;ZUO Xiaolei;WANG Xiaofang;HE Tuanyong;SUN Fengli;ZHANG Jianshe;SHEN Dong(Baoding Vocational and Technical College,Baoding,Hebei Province 071051,China;Institute of Animal husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Hebei Province,Baoding,Hebei Province 071000,China;Agriculture Comprehensive Service Center of Nanlou Township in Zhengding County,ZhengdingHebei Province 050800,China;Institute of Cereals and Oil Crops,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang,Hebei Province 050000,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei Province 071000,China;Shijiazhuang Animal Products and Veterinary Drug Feed Quality Testing Center,Shijiazhuang,Hebei Province 050041,China;Livestock Work Station of Shijiazhuang Gaocheng District,Gaocheng,Hebei Province 052165,China)

机构地区：[1]保定职业技术学院畜牧兽医系,河北保定071051 [2]河北省畜牧兽医研究所,河北保定071000 [3]正定县南楼乡农业综合服务中心,河北正定050800 [4]河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所,河北石家庄050000 [5]河北农业大学动物科技学院,河北保定071000 [6]石家庄市畜产品和兽药饲料质量检测中心,河北石家庄050041 [7]石家庄市藁城区畜牧工作总站,河北藁城052165

出　　处：《中国饲料》2024年第1期93-99,107,共8页China Feed

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-36);河北省重点研发项目(20326605D);石家庄市科学技术研究与发展计划(211500202A);河北省畜牧兽医研究所自主课题(201901)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在探讨燕麦干草组合过瘤胃赖氨酸和蛋氨酸添加剂替代高质量苜蓿干草对奶牛瘤胃微生物菌群和原虫构成及其丰度、瘤胃发酵参数的影响,以降低奶牛养殖对苜蓿的依赖度,实现精准饲养和精细饲喂。选择45头健康的泌乳中后期荷斯坦奶牛,按照产奶量、胎次、泌乳天数相近的原则,分为3组,每组15头牛(每组15个重复,每个重复1头牛),分别饲喂三种不同粗料组成的TMR。试验1组以燕麦干草组合过瘤胃赖氨酸、蛋氨酸添加剂部分替代高质量苜蓿干草,试验2组为苜蓿干草组,试验3组为燕麦干草组,预饲期7 d,试验期56 d。结果表明:(1)从门水平分析,三个试验组奶牛瘤胃液中主要菌门为拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门和纤维杆菌门。苜蓿组奶牛瘤胃中厚壁菌门丰度显著优于燕麦组(P<0.05),过瘤胃氨基酸组与苜蓿组无显著差异(P>0.05);与苜蓿组相比,过瘤胃氨基酸组和燕麦组有提高拟杆菌门丰度的趋势。从属水平分析,普雷沃氏菌属的丰度最高,过瘤胃氨基酸组和燕麦组较苜蓿组有提高趋势,但未达显著水平(P>0.05);丁酸弧菌属丰度苜蓿组最高,显著高于燕麦组(P<0.05),过瘤胃氨基酸组与苜蓿组并无显著差异(P>0.05)。奶牛瘤胃原虫主要是纤毛亚门,各试验组差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)三个试验组的奶牛瘤胃pH均在正常范围内。过瘤胃氨基酸组和苜蓿组的NH3-N浓度极显著优于燕麦组(P<0.01);MCP浓度苜蓿组最低,燕麦组极显著高于苜蓿组(P<0.01),过瘤胃氨基酸组较苜蓿组有升高的趋势。在TVFA、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸产量方面,过瘤胃氨基酸组相比苜蓿组和燕麦组表现出不同程度的优势,过瘤胃氨基酸组TVFA产量极显著优于苜蓿组和燕麦组(P<0.01),较苜蓿组和燕麦组分别增加52.71%和37.05%;过瘤胃氨基酸组的乙酸产量较苜蓿组和燕麦组分别增加52.32%和41.04%,达到极显著水平(P<0.01);丙酸产量,过瘤胃氨�This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing high quality alfalfa hay with oat hay combined with rumen lysine and methionine additives on rumen microbial flora and parasite composition,abundance and rumen fermentation parameters of dairy cows,so as to reduce the dependence of dairy cows on alfalfa and achieve precise feeding and fine feeding.Forty-five healthy Holstein dairy cows in mid-to-late lactation were divided into 3 groups with 15 cows per group(15 replicates per group and 1 cow per replicate)according to the principle of similar milk yield,parity and lactation days,and fed TMR composed of three different crude feedstocks,respectively.High quality alfalfa hay was partially replaced by oat hay combined with rumen lysine and methionine additives in test group 1,alfalfa hay in test group 2 and oat hay in test group 3.The pre-experimental period lasted for 7 days and the experiment lasted for 56 days.The results showed as follows:(1)At the phylum level,the main bacteroidetes in rumen fluid of dairy cows in the three experimental groups were Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes and Fibrinobacteria.The rumen abundance of Firmicutes in alfalfa group was significantly higher than that in oat group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between rumen amino acid group and alfalfa group(P>0.05).Compared with alfalfa group,rumen amino acid group and oat group had a tendency to increase the abundance of Bacteroidetes.At the genus level,the abundances of Prevotella were the highest,compared with alfalfa group,the abundances of Prevotella in rumen amino acid group and oat group had an increasing trend,but did not reach a significant level(P>0.05).The abundance of Vibrio butyricum in alfalfa group was the highest,which was significantly higher than that in oat group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between rumen amino acid group and alfalfa group(P>0.05).The rumen protozoa of dairy cows mainly belonged to the subphylum cilium,and there was no significant difference among experimental

关 键 词：泌乳中后期 奶牛 瘤胃发酵 微生物菌群 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]