国家植物园(北园)6种箬竹属竹种形态特征及出笋成竹规律  

Morphological Characteristics and Shooting/Growth Patterns of Six Indocalamus Species in China National Botanical Garden(North Garden)

作　　者：王金革[1] 李心竹 李岩[1] 张祎 包峥焱[1] 杨涓 Wang Jinge;Li Xinzhu;Li Yan;Zhang Yi;Bao Zhengyan;Yang Juan(Beijing Botanical Garden Management Office/Beijing Floriculture Engineering Technology Research Center/Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment,Beijing 100093,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市植物园管理处/北京市花卉园艺工程技术中心城乡生态环境北京实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《世界竹藤通讯》2023年第6期42-46,共5页World Bamboo and Rattan

基　　金：北京市植物园科技项目“几种箬竹属植物生长规律及栽培技术的研究”(BZ202205)。

摘　　要：为进一步了解箬竹属植物在国家植物园(北园)的生长习性,科学栽培管理和应用,对阔叶箬竹、善变箬竹、箬竹、髯毛箬竹、箬叶竹和美丽箬竹6个箬竹属植物的形态特征和出笋成竹规律进行了观测。结果表明:6个竹种的出笋时间在4月初至4月中旬,其中箬叶竹出笋最晚,为4月中旬;竹种高生长集中在4月中旬至5月中旬;美丽箬竹分枝时间在7月中旬,其它竹种分枝时间集中在5月下旬到6月初;善变箬竹展叶时间最早,为4月下旬,阔叶箬竹展叶时间最晚,为5月下旬。分枝和展叶从植株下部的几节开始,逐节向上,分枝数量和叶片数量因竹种而不同,箬竹的分枝和叶片数量均最大,分枝为9个/株,叶片数量为132片/株,其它竹种的分枝均在5个/株以下、叶片数量均在30片/株以下,而且箬竹的株型与其它5种相比差异较大。在园林应用中,可根据各竹种的生长规律采取相应的管理措施,并根据各竹种的形态特征满足不同的应用需求。In order to further understand the growth habits,science-based cultivation management,and application of the Indocalamus species in China National Botanical Garden(North Garden),the morphological characteristics as well as the shooting/growth patterns of I.latifolius,I.varius sp.,I.tessellatus,I.barbatus,I.longiauritus and I.decorus are observed.The results show that the shooting time of the six bamboo species is concentrated in the range of from early April to mid April,while I.longiauritus shoots the latest in mid-April;all the species enter the high growth period between mid-April to mid-May;I.decorus branches in mid-July,while all the other species branch from late May to early June;and I.varius sp.enters the earliest the leave expansion period in late April,while I.latifolius is the latest one to be in leave expansion,in late May.Branching and leaf expansion start from the lower nodes and go up node by node.The number of branches and leaves varies depending on bamboo species.I.tessellatus has the largest number of branches and leaves,while 9 branches and 132 leaves per plant while the others have less than 5 branches and 30 leaves per plant.Moreover,I.tessellatus has significant differences in plant shape compared to the other five species.For landscape applications,corresponding management measures can be taken in line with the growth patterns of different bamboo species,to meet different application needs in accordance with the morphological characteristics of each bamboo species.

关 键 词：箬竹属 生长规律 形态特征 园林应用 国家植物园(北园) 北京 

分 类 号：S795[农业科学—林木遗传育种]