《现代汉语词典》名词释义中语言与百科信息的选择与呈现  

Selection and Presentation of Linguistic and Encyclopedic Information in Nouns Definitions in Modern Chinese Dictionary

作　　者：于屏方[1] 杜家利 Yu Pingfang;Du Jiali

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学中文学院,广州510420

出　　处：《辞书研究》2024年第1期37-44,I0001,I0002,共10页Lexicographical Studies

基　　金：2022年广东省研究生教育创新计划项目“国际中文教育视域下汉硕外国留学生培养中的课程思政教学探索”(项目编号2022JGXM060)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：语文词典与百科词典被认为是两种基本的词典类型。而在词典编纂实践中,语文词典的释义中经常会出现数量不等的百科信息。文章以普通名词中的具体名词类为研究对象,分析它们在《现代汉语词典》相关版本释义中语言信息与百科信息的选择与呈现。文章秉承认知语言学关于词义的观点,认为词义具有百科知识的特点。因此,语文词典释义的语文性与百科性并不是一个“是与否”的性质问题,而是“多或少”的程度问题。词典编纂者需要做的工作是根据释义需要、词典类型以及词典用户的需求,采取“自下而上”的方法,以底层义场为基本模块,确定载义和辨义的必需信息和冗余信息。Language and encyclopedic dictionaries are regarded as two basic dictionary types.However,there exists a large amount of encyclopedic information in the definitions of language dictionaries.The present study analyzes the selection and presentation of language and encyclopedic information in noun definitions in different versions of the Modern Chinese Dictionary.Based on cognitive linguistics,this paper holds that word meaning shows encyclopedic characteristics,which are not a yes-no question,but a more-or-less question.What a lexicographer needs to do is to take a“bottom-up”approach based on dictionary typology,the needs of the interpretation,as well as the target dictionary users,determine the necessary and redundant information in word meaning,and define words with minimum semantic fields as the basic modules.

关 键 词：名词 释义 语言信息 百科信息 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]