论董事对第三人责任——以《公司法(修订草案)》第190条为中心  

On Directors’Liability to Third Parties——Focusing on Article 190 of“the Company Law(Draft Revision)”

作　　者：李东阳 LI Dongyang(School of Law,Renmin University,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期111-119,共9页Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“法治化营商环境建设法律问题研究”(22JJD820018)。

摘　　要：董事作为公司法人机关,执行职务过程中造成第三人的损失,应当先由公司承担责任后,再向有过错的董事追偿。实践中,第三人往往面临公司欠缺偿付能力,而又不向董事索赔的窘境。立法机关为维护第三人合法权益,在《公司法(修订草案)》中引入董事对于第三人责任制度,第三人直接向董事主张损害赔偿变得于法有据。第190条在性质上应当被界定为特别法定责任,而非特别侵权责任。责任成立需要满足董事针对职务懈怠行为存在主观过错,第三人遭受直接或间接的损失,侵害行为与损害之间存在相当因果关系等条件。责任形式上董事对第三人的直接损失承担不真正连带责任,对间接损失仅负有补充责任。The traditional view is that corporation as a legal entity should bear the responsibility for losses caused by the directors in the course of performing their duties,and then recovers from the directors who are at fault.However,in practice,third parties often face the dilemma of the company's lack of solvency and failure to claim compensation from the directors.In order to strengthen the responsibility of management personnel and effectively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of third parties,the legislature has introduced a liability system for directors to third parties in the Company Law(Draft Revision).According to this law,Article 190 should be defined as a special statutory liability rather than a special tort liability in nature.The establishment of liability need to meet the conditions that the directors are subjectively at fault for the slack of duty,the third parties suffer direct or indirect losses,and there is a considerable causal relationship between the infringement and the damage.Moreover,the directors are not really jointly and severally liable for the direct losses of the third parties,and only have supplementary liability for indirect losses.

关 键 词：董事 特别侵权责任 特别法定责任 不真正连带责任 补充责任 

分 类 号：DF411.91[政治法律—经济法学]