水下考古地球物理技术进展、挑战及建议  

Advance,challenge,and suggestion in geophysical technology for underwater archaeology survey

作　　者：李勇航 温明明[1,2,3] 陈宗恒 姚会强[1,3] 万芃 李斌[1] 林海 陈志坚 LI Yonghang;WEN Mingming;CHEN Zongheng;YAO Huiqiang;WAN Peng;LI Bin;LIN Hai;CHEN Zhijian(Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources,Ministry of Natural Resources,Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey,China Geological Survey,Guangzhou 511458,China;National Engineering Research Center for Gas Hydrate Exploration and Development,Guangzhou 511458,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou),Guangzhou 511458,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局广州海洋地质调查局,自然资源部海底矿产资源重点实验室,广州511458 [2]天然气水合物勘查开发国家工程研究中心,广州511458 [3]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广州511458

出　　处：《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2023年第6期191-201,共11页Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目(DD20191009)。

摘　　要：水下考古涉及不同的调查阶段,其调查范围、水下环境、调查目标存在很大差异,对应使用的调查技术和策略也不同。系统分析了常规的和最前沿的水下考古地球物理及潜水器技术的现状和优缺点,包括声学(多波束、侧扫声呐、浅地层剖面、单道/小多道地震)、磁力、电磁法、激光雷达、潜水器(HOV、ROV、AUV)等。目前水下考古在海床遗存图像识别、埋藏的小尺寸人工遗物探测、洞穴遗存的探测发掘、潮间带遗存探测和深海考古发掘等方面仍存在大量挑战。建议通过加强海洋行业合作,升级改进现有调查技术,建立技术装备共享机制,从而提升考古遗址发现数量和几率,避免遗址受破坏流失,降低考古经济成本。Underwater archaeology involves different stages of investigation,and the survey scope,underwater environment,and survey objective vary greatly.Therefore,corresponding survey techniques and strategies are also different.We analyzed conventional method and cutting-edge geophysical vehicle techniques of underwater archaeology,including acoustics(multi-beam echosounder,side-scan sonar,sub-bottom profiler,and single-channel/mini multi-channel seismic),electromagnetic,electric,LiDAR,and underwater operated vehicles(HOV/ROV/AUV)etc.At present,many challenges remain in underwater archaeology in terms of image recognition of seabed relics,detection of buried small-scale artificial relics,detection and excavation of cave leftovers,detection of intertidal remnants,and the exploration of deep-sea archaeology and excavation.It is our device to strengthen cooperation in marine industry,upgrade and improve existing survey technology,and establish a mechanism for hardware sharing to increase the probability of archaeological site discovery,avoid damage and loss of the sites,and reduce economic costs.

关 键 词：海洋考古 水下考古 海洋物探 海洋调查 深海考古 

分 类 号：P737.2[天文地球—海洋地质]