由义尊与义方彝等周初铜器论及西周早期年代  

Years of the Early Western Zhou Dynasty as Seen from Its Bronze Wares Like Yizun and Yifangyi

作　　者：朱凤瀚[1] ZHU Fenghan(Center for China Ancient History,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国古代史研究中心,北京100871

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第1期8-15,共8页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：近年新见义尊、义方彝是一组商人大族■族贵族义受武王赏赐后所作的青铜器,同组还有一件圆鼎和两件方鼎。西周初年的义器铭文中的闰月历日可为武王克商年的判定提供参考。何尊与新见的贝毳尊卣、德方鼎等器均述成王迁宅于成周之事,迁宅至迟于成王五祀三月已完成。铭文中有“新邑”一词的青铜器,年代均应早于何尊所铭成王五祀。新出青铜器使得西周早期诸王年代的考订已突破夏商周断代工程所定年限,武王克商年有必要再重新考虑。以周初诸王在位王年,向前可推拟武王克商之年。以成王在位三十二年计,武王克商应为公元前1076年。以成王在位三十七年计,则武王克商年是公元前1081年。The newly discovered Yizun(义尊)and Yifangyi(义方彝)are a group of bronzes made by a nobleman named Yi(义)of a Shang clan after he was rewarded by King Wu of Zhou.Within the same group are a round tripod and two pieces of square ding(Fang Ding).The leap month calendar in the inscriptions on the sacrificial vessels in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty(ca.1046 BC-771 BC)can provide a reference for the judgment of the year of King Wu’s conquest over Yin Shang(ca.1600 BC-1050 BC).Hezun(ritual wine vessel)and the newly⁃discovered bronzes like Cuizun(毳尊)and Yao(卣),and De Fang Ding(德方鼎)all made an account of the event that King Cheng of Zhou moved his residence to Chengzhou(成周,close to Luoying today),which was completed in the third month of the fifth year of King Cheng of Zhou at the latest.Bronzes with the word“Xinyi”(“新邑”)in the inscription should be earlier than the fifth year of King Cheng of Zhou as inscribed by Hezun.These newly⁃discovered bronzes have allowed the textual research of the kings’years in the early Western Zhou Dynasty to break through the fixed periods of the dating scheme framed in Xia,Shang,and Zhou Dynasties.Therefore,it is necessary to reconsider the year of King Wu’s conquest over Yin Shang.Tracing back to the reign years of the kings in the early Zhou Dynasty,we can derive the year when King Wu conquered Yin Shang.Assuming that King Cheng reigned for thirty⁃two years,King Wu’s year of conquering Yin Shang should be 1076 BC.Assuming that King Cheng reigned for thirty⁃seventh years,King Wu’s year of conquering Yin Shang should be 1081 BC.

关 键 词：周初铜器 何尊 武王克商年 西周早期王年 

分 类 号：K224[历史地理—历史学]