2013-2021年海南省流感病原学检测及流行特征分析  

Etiology detection and epidemiological analysis of influenzain Hainan Province, 2013-2021

作　　者：王如敏 崔蕾 潘家兴[1] 李丹丹[1] 孙初阳 冯芳莉[1] 马焱[1] 曾祥洁[1] WANG Ru-min;CUI Lei;PAN Jia-xing;LI Dan-dan;SUN Chu-yang;FENG Fang-li;MA Yan;ZENG Xiang-jie(Hainan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Haikou 570203,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省疾病预防控制中心,海口570203

出　　处：《中国人兽共患病学报》2023年第12期1188-1195,共8页Chinese Journal of Zoonoses

摘　　要：目的了解海南省流行性感冒(简称流感)流行特征及其相关影响因素,为预防和控制流感提供科学依据。方法对2013-2021年海南省6家国家级哨点医院流感样病例(influenza-like illness,ILI)的病原学监测数据进行统计分析。结果2013-2021共检测ILI标本50415份,其中流感病毒阳性标本5581份,阳性率为11.07%;优势流行株为乙型、A(H1N1)pdm09型和H3N2型;5~14岁年龄组阳性检出率最高(17.56%),0~4岁年龄组流感病毒阳性率最低(7.32%)。2014-2016年、2017-2018年和2019-2020年4个监测年度,流感呈现双峰流行,夏季流行期集中在4-9月,最高峰值53.64%,冬季流行期集中在11月-次年3月,最高峰值47.30%;2013-2014年、2016-2017年和2018-2019年3个监测年度,流感流行无明显夏季流行高峰,冬春季流行期集中在10月-次年3月,最高峰值54.17%;2020-2021年流感病毒阳性检出率呈现断崖式下降,阳性检出率仅为0.25%,无明显流行期。结论海南省不同监测年度流感流行强度不同,优势流行株变化快,5~14岁人群是重点防控人群,夏季和冬春季是流感预防控制重点时段,继续加强流感病原学监测,同时发挥健康教育宣传作用,积极推进流感疫苗接种和非药物干预双重措施,以降低流感的发生率。The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of influenza in Hainan province,to provide evidence to support influenza prevention and control efforts.Pathogen monitoring data of influenza-like illness(ILI)in six national sentinel hospitals in Hainan province from 2013 to 2021 were analyzed in SPSS 20.0 software.A total of 50415 ILI cases were detected during the 2013-2021 season,of which 5581 were positive for influenza viruses,with a positivity rate of 11.07%.The dominant strains were type B,type A(H1N1)pdm09 and type A(H3N2).The positivity rate of influenza virus was highest in people 5-14 years of age(17.56%)and lowest in people 0-4 years of age(7.32%).Influenza activity showed both a summer peak and a winter-spring peak in the 2014-2016,2017-2018 and 2019-2020 seasons,and was concentrated in April to September,with a maximum peak of 53.64%,and in November to March of the next year,with a peak of 47.30%.The 2013-2014,2016-2017 and 2018-2019 seasons showed only a winter-spring peak concentrated between October and March of the next year,with a maximum peak of 54.17%,but no obvious summer peak.The predominant influenza viruses during the eight surveillance seasons varied among H1N1,H3N2 and type B.The positive detection rate of influenza virus steeply declined during the 2020-2021 season:the positive detection rate was only 0.25%,and no obvious epidemic period was observed.The intensity of influenza epidemic varied among monitoring years,and the dominant strains changed rapidly in Hainan Province.People 5-14 years of age were the key population affected.Summer,winter and spring were the key periods for influenza prevention and control.Etiological surveillance of influenza should continue to be strengthened,the roles of health education and publicity should be emphasized,and the dual measures of influenza vaccination and non-drug intervention should be actively promoted to decrease the occurrence of influenza.

关 键 词：流感样病例 监测 流感病毒 病原学 影响因素 

分 类 号：R373.1[医药卫生—病原生物学]