上海市长宁区3~4岁儿童生长迟缓相关影响因素的调查  

Investigation of influencing factors of stunting in children aged 3-4 years in Changning District,Shanghai

作　　者：张佳琪 卜方 徐娇 ZHANG Jiaqi;BO Fang;XU Jiao(Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Changning District,Shanghai 200051,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市长宁区妇幼保健院,上海200051

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2023年第11期1093-1099,共7页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：上海市长宁区卫生健康系统“优质+均衡”科研人才专项(2021FY-3)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析上海市长宁区3~4岁儿童生长迟缓的影响因素,为早期预防和干预儿童生长迟缓提供科学依据。【方法】采用随机整群抽样法,抽取上海市长宁区16所幼儿园儿童作为调查对象,收集1514名3~4岁儿童身高、体质量、围生期及婴幼儿喂养情况、饮食和生活行为方式及父母情况等基本信息,计算生长迟缓检出率,并分析生长迟缓的影响因素。【结果】1514名儿童中,生长迟缓的检出率为5.4%。家庭相关因素中,生长迟缓儿童父母的身高、从专业科普平台获取生长发育知识的比例均低于非生长迟缓儿童的父母(均P<0.05)。个体相关因素中,生长迟缓儿童早产、低出生体质量、出生身长短、双胎或多胎、吃水果的量少、添加维生素D、假期运动时间短、经常起夜的比例高于非生长迟缓儿童(均P<0.05)。二元logistic回归多因素分析显示,父母身高越低(OR=4.35、3.49,95%CI:1.20~15.84、1.43~8.51)、低出生体质量(OR=2.99,95%CI:1.28~7.05)、多胎或双胎(OR=3.78,95%CI:1.29~11.06)、周六日及节假日户外运动时间短(OR=2.34,95%CI:1.02~5.46)、经常起夜(OR=1.89,95%CI:1.06~3.39)、每天吃水果的量少(OR=1.81,95%CI:1.01~3.26)儿童的生长迟缓发生风险明显增加。【结论】父母身高偏低、低出生体质量、双胎或多胎、假期户外运动时间短、经常起夜及每天吃水果的量少是影响3~4岁儿童身高的主要危险因素。[Objective]To analyze the influencing factors of stunting among 3 to 4-year-old children in Changning District,Shanghai,in order to provide a scientific basis for early prevention and intervention for stunting.[Methods]Random cluster sampling was employed to select 1514 children from 16 kindergartens in Changning District,Shanghai as the survey subjects.Basic information such as height,weight,perinatal and infant feeding status,diet and lifestyle,as well as parental information was collected.The detection rate of stunting was calculated,and the influencing factors of stunted growth were analyzed.[Results]The stunting detection rate of the 1514 children was 5.4%.In terms of family-related factors,parents of stunted children had lower heights and a lower proportion of accessing growth and developmental knowledge from professional platforms compared to parents of non-stunted children(both P<0.05).Among individual-related factors,the proportion of premature birth,low birth weight,short birth length,twin or multiple births,low fruit consumption,vitamin D intake,short outdoor playtime,and frequent nighttime waking was higher in the stunting group than in the control group(P<0.05).Binary logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that shorter parental height(OR=4.35,95%CI:1.20-15.84 and OR=3.49,95%CI:1.43-8.51),low birth weight(OR=2.99,95%CI:1.28-7.05),multiple or twin pregnancies(OR=3.78,95%CI:1.29-11.06),short outdoor playtime during weekends and holidays(OR=2.34,95%CI:1.02-5.46),frequent nighttime waking(OR=1.89,95%CI:1.06-3.39),and consuming fewer fruits daily(OR=1.81,95%CI:1.01-3.26)significantly increased the risk of stunting.[Conclusion]Low parental height,low birth weight,being twins or multiples,limited outdoor playtime during holidays,frequent nighttime waking,and low daily fruit consumption are major risk factors for stunting in infants and children.

关 键 词：儿童 3~4岁 生长迟缓 影响因素 

分 类 号：R174.6[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]