湖南烟草弯孢菌叶斑病和炭疽病病原鉴定及生物学特性研究  

Identification and Biological Characterization of Curvularia Leaf Spot and Anthracnose Diseases on Tobacco in Hunan Province

作　　者：肖艳松 李思军 吴文信 刘天波 周向平 黎萍 钟杰[5] XIAO Yansong;LI Sijun;WU Wenxin;LIU Tianbo;ZHOU Xiangping;LI Ping;ZHONG Jie(Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province,Chenzhou,Hunan 423000,China;Guiyang Tobacco Company of Chenzhou in Hunan Province,Chenzhou,Hunan 424400,China;Hunan Tobacco Science Research Institute,Changsha 410004,China;Yongzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province,Yongzhou,Hunan 425000,China;College of Plant Protection,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司,湖南郴州423000 [2]湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司桂阳县公司,湖南郴州424400 [3]湖南省烟草科学研究所,长沙410004 [4]湖南省烟草公司永州市公司,湖南永州425000 [5]湖南农业大学植物保护学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2023年第6期44-52,共9页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：湖南省郴州市烟草公司烟草农业科技创新项目(CZYC2022JS03);湖南省郴州市烟草公司烟草农业科技创新项目(CZYC2023JS05);中国烟草总公司湖南省公司科技重点项目(HN2021KJ01)。

摘　　要：2020年到2023年,在湖南省郴州市的烟草上发现了类似弯孢菌叶斑病和炭疽病的两种叶部病害,为了明确引起该病害的病原种类及生物学特性,本研究利用组织分离法对病叶进行分离纯化,形态学观察和柯赫氏法则验证,并对其生物学特性进行研究。结合形态学及rDNA内转录间隔区(ITS)的进化分析,确定烟草弯孢菌叶斑病病原为车轴草弯孢菌Curvularia trifolii;利用ITS及肌蛋白(ACT)、微管蛋白(TUB)、几丁质合成酶(CHS-1)和甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GPDH)多基因的系统进化分析,确定烟草炭疽病病原为喀斯特炭疽菌Colletotrichumkarstii。生物学特性研究表明,车轴草弯孢菌菌丝生长最适温度为25℃,最适pH为7,以水溶性淀粉为碳源、牛肉膏为氮源时对菌丝生长最有利;喀斯特炭疽菌菌丝生长最适温度为25℃,最适pH为7,以葡萄糖为碳源、牛肉膏为氮源时对菌丝生长最有利。这是湖南省首次在烟草上发现这两种病害,且到目前为止我国尚无喀斯特炭疽菌引起烤烟病害的报道,研究结果可为科学有效防治该类病害提供参考。From 2020 to 2023,two foliar diseases suspected to be curvularia leaf spot and anthracnose were found on tobacco in Chenzhou City,Hunan Province.The objective of this study was to clarify the pathogens and provide theoretical reference for scientific and effective control of the diseases.The fungal pathogens were isolated from symptomatic leaves by tissue isolation and the diseases were identified to be leaf spot and anthracnose by both morphological observation and Koch’s postulates.Combined with the morphological characteristics and ITS based phylogenetic analysis,the pathogen of the tobacco leaf spot was determined to be Curvularia trifolii,while the pathogen of the tobacco anthracnose was identified as Colletotrichum karstii using both the morphological and molecular characteristics by ITS,ACT,TUB,CHS-1 and GPDH gene regions.The study of biological characteristics showed that the optimum temperature for mycelium growth of C.trifolii was 25℃,the optimum pH was 7,and it was most favorable for mycelium growth when soluble starch was used as carbon source and beef powder as nitrogen source.The optimum temperature for mycelium growth of C.karstii was 25℃,the optimum pH was 7,and it was most favorable for mycelium growth when glucose was used as carbon source and beef powder as nitrogen source.To our knowledge,this is the first time that these two diseases are reported in Hunan Province of China.Up to now,there is no report of C.karstii causing disease in flue-cured tobacco in China.The results can provide a basis for the scientific and effective prevention and control of these diseases.

关 键 词：车轴草弯孢菌 喀斯特炭疽菌 弯孢菌叶斑病 炭疽病 烟草病原菌 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]