兼顾空间公平和效率的社区公园布局优化模型构建与验证  

Model Construction and Verification for Community Park Layout Optimization Considering Spatial Equity-Efficiency Balance

作　　者：诸逸凡 刘志强[1] 余慧[1] 洪亘伟[1] Zhu Yifan;Liu Zhiqiang;Yu Hui;Hong Genwei(College of Architecture and Urban Planning,Suzhou University of Science and Technology,Suzhou 215011,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州科技大学建筑与城市规划学院,江苏苏州215011

出　　处：《中国城市林业》2023年第6期40-46,共7页Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于空间计量分析的中国市域建成区绿地率空间分异的格局、演变及其机理研究”(51778389);江苏高校“青蓝工程”、江苏省企业研究生工作站(苏州园林设计院股份有限公司);江苏省重点学科(风景园林学);江苏省普通高校研究生实践创新计划(SJCX22_1599)。

摘　　要：兼顾空间公平和效率的社区公园布局对“城市更新”背景下构建高品质社区生活圈、促进公共服务均等化具有重要意义。基于社区公园的数量、区位及规模对其所提供服务的空间公平和空间效率产生影响的内在关系,采用先选址、后分配规模的模型形式,融合P中值模型及公平最大化模型并添加约束条件优化,构建2ECPA模型,再以苏州市中心城区为实证区域进行模型验证。2ECPA模型内容为:1)以总出行成本最小化为目标函数,并纳入最大出行成本约束,实现社区公园选址优化空间效率且兼顾空间公平;2)以可达性差异最小化为目标函数,并增设社区公园预设总规模、个体规模限制的约束,通过社区公园规模分配实现空间公平的优化。实证结果证明模型有效,在2ECPA模型求得的理想布局中,社区公园覆盖人口比率提高5.87%,最大出行成本、平均出行成本分别降低67.99%和41.58%,可达性基尼系数降低24.07%,优化后社区公园空间布局的空间公平、空间效率均显著提升。这说明2ECPA模型能够有效应用于社区公园空间布局优化,提供直观的社区公园布局方案。The community parks layout which gives consideration to spatial equity-efficiency balance is highly significant to create high-quality living spaces of community and promote the equalization of public services in the context of urban renewal.The quantity,location,and scale of community parks have an inherent relationship that impacts the spatial equity and the spatial efficiency of the services they offer.A model which first selects location and then allocate scale is proposed to create the 2ECPA model by integrating the P median model and the equity maximization model plus incorporating constraints for optimization.The model's validity is demonstrated using the downtown area of Suzhou City as the empirical region.The 2ECPA model includes the following components:1)Minimized total travel cost as the objective function,with consideration to the constraint of maximum travel cost so as to improve the spatial efficiency and equity of community park location;2)Minimized accessibility differences as the objective function,plus predetermined constraints on the total and individual park scales to achieve optimization of spatial equity through scale allocation.The empirical results confirm the effectiveness of the model.In the ideal layout obtained through the 2ECPA model,the population coverage of community parks increases by 5.87%,the maximum travel cost and the average travel cost decrease by 67.99%and 41.58%respectively,and the accessibility Gini coefficient decreases by 24.07%.The layout optimization significantly enhances the spatial equity and the spatial efficiency of community park layouts.It is indicated that 2ECPA model can be effectively applied for the optimization of community space layout,which provides visualized options for community park layout.

关 键 词：社区公园 兼顾空间公平和效率 2ECPA模型 苏州 

分 类 号：TU986.5[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]