伏尔泰与18世纪法国刑法改革——以西尔文案为中心  

Voltaire and the Reform of French Penal Law in the Eighteenth Century:A Study Centred on the Sirven Case

作　　者：张顺 ZHANG Shun(East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201620)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院

出　　处：《犯罪研究》2023年第5期2-15,共14页Chinese Criminology Review

基　　金：华东政法大学博士生海外访学项目的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：18世纪60年代,伏尔泰为一些受到司法迫害的民众进行了慷慨激昂的辩护。西尔文案就是其中极具代表性的案例之一。通过对这些具体案例的深入调查,伏尔泰提出了一系列具体的刑法改革措施,如要求刑法统一,主张刑法与宗教分离;主张罪刑法定,反对封建擅断;主张罪刑相适应;提倡刑法人道主义,要求摒弃酷刑、废除绞刑;主张将自杀、杀婴及同性恋行为非罪化及要求罪犯参与劳动改造等。伏尔泰为实现其刑法理想所作出的努力深切影响了18世纪法国刑事立法改革的进程。In the 1760s,Voltaire made an impassioned defence of several judicially persecuted people.The Sirven case was one of these highly representative cases.Through in⁃depth investigation of these cases,Voltaire put forward a series of specific criminal law reform measures,such as demanding the unity of the criminal law and advocating the separation of the criminal law and religion;advocating the principle of the law of crime and punishment and opposing feudal arbitrariness;advocating the appropriateness of punishment and crime;advo⁃cating the humanitarianism of the criminal law,and advocating the abandonment of torture and the abolition of the death penalty by hanging;advocating the decriminalisation of suicide,infanticide and homosexuality,and the requirement of criminals to participate in the reform of the labour force,and so on.Voltaire’s efforts to re⁃alise his ideal of criminal law deeply influenced the process of criminal legislation reform in France in the 18th century.

关 键 词：伏尔泰 法国刑法 西尔文案 罪刑法定原则 

分 类 号：DD914[政治法律—法学] D956.5