基于FTA和ISM的有限空间中毒窒息事故致因分析  

Contributing Analysis of Poisoning and Asphyxiation Accidents in Limited Space Based on FTA and ISM

作　　者：王燕妮 李静 张振超 WANG Yanni;LI Jing;ZHANG Zhenchao(Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science,Beijing Academy of Science and Technology,Beijing 100054,China;Beijing Metro Operation Administration Corporation Limited,Beijing 100071,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市科学技术研究院城市安全与环境科学研究所,北京100054 [2]北京市轨道交通运营管理有限公司,北京100071

出　　处：《安全》2024年第1期14-21,共8页Safety & Security

摘　　要：为减少有限空间作业中毒窒息事故的发生率,提高有限空间作业的安全管理水平,应用事故树分析方法(FTA)和解释结构模型(ISM)分析有限空间作业中毒窒息事故的致因因素及因素间的相互关系。首先,建立有限空间作业中毒窒息事故树并求出基本事件的结构重要度;其次,将基本事件进行归类和修正后得到ISM的致因因素;再次,利用ISM理论构建7个层级的表明致因因素间关系的解释结构模型(ISM)。结果表明:ISM层级间存在根本影响因素向间接影响因素递阶,进而向直接影响因素递阶的关系。因此,可以通过加强根本影响因素的管理提高间接影响因素的安全状态,从而降低直接影响因素的发生率。In order to reduce the incidence of poisoning and asphyxiation accidents in limited space operations and improve the safety management level of limited space operations,fault tree analysis(FTA)and interpretive structure model(ISM)were used to analyze the cause factors and the relationship among them.Firstly,the fault tree of poisoning and asphyxiation accidents in limited space operation was established and the structure importance degree of the basic events were calculated.Secondly,the basic events of FTA were classified and modified as the contributing factors of ISM.Thirdly,the ISM theory was used to construct a seven-level ISM which shows the relationship among the contributing factors.The results show that there is a hierarchical relationship between the ISM levels from the fundamental factors to the indirect factors and then to the direct factors.Therefore,the safety state of indirect influence factors can be improved by strengthening the management of fundamental influence factors,thus the incidence of direct influence factors will be reduced.

关 键 词：有限空间 中毒窒息 事故树分析(FTA) 解释结构模型(ISM) 

分 类 号：X961[环境科学与工程—安全科学]