铝合金硝盐热处理超温爆炸机理分析及安全管控建议  

Analysis of Overtemperature Explosion Mechanism of Aluminum Alloy Heat Treatment With Nitrate and Suggestions on Safety Control

作　　者：赵宝杰 黄晓晨 朱斌华 高云翔 赵辉 ZHAO Baojie;HUANG Xiaochen;ZHU Binhua;GAO Yunxiang;ZHAO Hui(Capital Aerospace Machinery Corporation Limited,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]首都航天机械有限公司,北京100076

出　　处：《安全》2024年第1期22-25,共4页Safety & Security

摘　　要：为探究熔融硝盐热处理工艺超温爆炸的原因和机理,准确定位铝合金硝盐热处理工艺可能引起爆炸的关键因素,对照国家标准、物料安全技术说明书等资料,以50wt%硝酸钾和50wt%硝酸钠的混合硝盐为加热介质,进行铝合金热处理工艺,开展混合硝盐加热试验、混合硝盐与铝合金共同加热试验,并从控制温度、避免全密闭设备和加强现场排风3个方面提出安全管控措施。结果表明:混合硝盐在超温状态(600~900℃)下无爆炸危险特性;含有铝合金的硝盐混合液在达到780℃后,会发生剧烈的燃烧反应和炽热物质喷溅,未直接发生爆炸;含有铝合金的硝盐混合液在达到一定温度后会因为硝盐自身分解或者与铝合金发生剧烈燃烧反应而生成气体,气体积聚产生压力超过设备耐压极限时可能发生物理爆炸。To explore the causes and mechanisms of overtemperature explosions in molten nitrate heat treatment processes,and accurately locate the key factors that may cause explosions in aluminum alloy nitrate heat treatment processes,this study refered to national standards,material safety technical instructions,and other materials,took the mixed nitrate of 50wt%potassium nitrate and 50wt%sodium nitrate as the heating medium,and conducted aluminum alloy heat treatment process,mixed nitrate heating test,and mixed nitrate and aluminum alloy co-heating test.Proposed safety control measures from three aspects are controlling temperature,avoiding fully enclosed equipment,and strengthening on-site ventilation.The results show that the mixed nitrate has no explosive hazard characteristics in an overtemperature state(600~900℃).After reaching 780℃,a nitrate mixture containing aluminum alloy will undergo violent combustion reactions and hot substance splashing,without directly exploding.After reaching a certain temperature,a mixture of nitrate containing aluminum alloy may generate gas due to the decomposition of nitrate itself or violent combustion reaction with aluminum alloy.When the gas accumulates and the pressure exceeds the equipment s pressure limit,a physical explosion may occur.

关 键 词：二元熔融硝盐 铝合金 热处理 爆炸 安全生产管理 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]