车载紧凑式换热器高效轻质的性能优化研究  

Study on Optimization of High Efficiency and Light Weight Performance for Vehicle-Mounted Compact Heat Exchanger

作　　者：杨佳琪 曹元福[2] 姜涛 李明佳 YANG Jiaqi;CAO Yuanfu;JIANG Tao;LI Mingjia(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;China North Vehicle Research Institute,Beijing 100072,China;School of Machinery and Vehicle,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,西安710049 [2]中国北方车辆研究所,北京100072 [3]北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,北京100081

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报》2024年第1期138-145,共8页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFB2405204);陕西省研发专项计划资助项目(2022GXLH-01-04)。

摘　　要：针对当前车载锯齿型板翅式换热器在某新型车辆有限空间内传热与流动阻力性能不足、整机质量大的问题,提出了一种车载锯齿型板翅式换热器的优化方案。首先,对4种具有不同翅片参数的空气-水车载锯齿型板翅式换热器进行了实验测试,探究了已有换热器的传热与流动特性;然后,基于实验数据构建了锯齿型翅片通道的三维数值计算模型,获得了适用结构参数范围更加宽泛且拟合精度良好的换热器流动换热关联式,同时基于换热器几何结构获得了整机质量计算模型;最后,结合非支配排序遗传算法(NSGAⅡ)以及传热与流动阻力综合性能评价图,开展了车载锯齿型板翅式换热器关键翅片结构参数的多目标优化研究,给出了综合性能优异的换热器结构参数。结果表明:优化后锯齿型板翅式换热器的阻力系数降低了14.3%,综合性能评价因子增加了10.7%,整机质量减少了18.2%,实现了换热器高效轻质的优化目标。所提车载锯齿型板翅式换热器优化方案,对提升其综合性能与降低制造成本具有参考价值。In the limited space within new vehicles,current plate-fin heat exchangers with offset-strip fins suffer from issues such as inadequate heat transfer,high flow resistance and heavy weight.To address these challenges,an optimization scheme for vehicle-mounted compact heat exchanger is proposed.The study began by conducting tests on four types of air-water plate-fin heat exchangers,each with varying parameters for the offset-strip fins.These heat exchangers were evaluated to analyze their heat transfer and flow characteristics.Based on the experimental data,a 3D numerical model of the offset-strip fin channel was developed,and this model enabled the acquisition of highly accurate heat transfer and flow correlations applicable to a broader range of structural parameters within the heat exchanger.Additionally,a weight calculation model for the heat exchanger’s core was derived from its geometric structure.A multi-objective optimization process was conducted using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm(NSGAⅡ)and a comprehensive evaluation plot considering both heat transfer and flow resistance performance.Through this optimization process,the key parameters related to fin structure of the vehicle-mounted offset-strip plate-fin heat exchanger were refined,resulting in the identification of a set of fin structure parameters that exhibit high comprehensive performance.By optimization,the flow resistance coefficient was reduced by 14.3%,the comprehensive evaluation factor was increased by 10.7%,and the core weight of the heat exchanger was decreased by 18.2%,contributing to a high-efficiency and lightweight design.This paper presents an optimization scheme specifically for the vehicle offset-strip plate-fin heat exchanger,which can serve as a valuable guidance for improving the overall performance and reducing manufacturing costs of similar heat exchangers used in vehicle applications.

关 键 词：车载紧凑式换热器 锯齿型翅片 综合性能评价图 遗传算法 综合性能优化 

分 类 号：TK124[动力工程及工程热物理—工程热物理]