福利与市场之间——苏黎世住房合作社经验及对中国的启示  

Between Welfare and the Market:Housing Cooperative Experience in Zurich and Its Implications for China

作　　者：戴亦殊 严雅琦 Dai Yishu;Yan Yaqi

机构地区：[1]慕尼黑工业大学建筑系 [2]深圳大学建筑与城市规划学院城市规划系

出　　处：《国际城市规划》2023年第6期67-74,共8页Urban Planning International

基　　金：北京卓越青年科学家计划(JJWZYJH01201910003010)。

摘　　要：现阶段,中外大城市共同面临以中低收入者住房难为核心的结构性住房短缺问题。瑞士苏黎世在城市发展过程中形成了多样化的住房问题应对策略,其中住房合作社是介于保障性与市场性住房体系之间的独特住房供应模式,为福利政策未覆盖到的中低收入群体提供了基于众筹自助获得的可支付性高的得体住房。本文回顾了1830年代以来苏黎世住房发展的四阶段历程,梳理出各阶段的问题及应对策略,重点剖析了住房合作社的发展模式和规划建设经验,具体包括住房合作社的组成方式、住房开发的实施模式、租赁住房的运营与管理模式、规划建设的引导与调控以及政府的政策支持与监督管控。最后,文章反思了我国的相关住房发展经历,并结合苏黎世经验对解决结构性住房短缺问题提出启示。Currently,large cities around the world are facing structural housing shortages,with especially serious housing affordability problems among middle-and low-income population.Zurich,the largest city in Switzerland,has developed a variety of strategies to tackle housing problems in the process of urbanization.Among them,housing cooperative is an important way for housing supply between social and market housing systems,which provides adequate affordable houses for middle-and low-income citizens.This paper sorts out four phases of housing development in Zurich since 1830s and the strategies facing corresponding challenges.Then,it further analyzes the operation system of housing cooperative,including the composition of cooperatives,the implementation of housing development,the management of rental housing,the planning guidance as well as the preferential policies and supervision of governments.In the end,it concludes with the implications on the solutions of structural housing shortage in China.

关 键 词：住房合作社 非营利性住房 中低收入群体 住房可支付性 苏黎世 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]