葛根种质资源遗传多样性分析及分子身份证构建  

Genetic diversity analysis and molecular identity construction of Pueraria DC.germplasm resources

作　　者：何文 蔡兆琴 陈会鲜 张秀芬 黄珍玲 郭素云 阮丽霞 莫周美 HE Wen;CAI Zhao-qin;CHEN Hui-xian;ZHANG Xiu-fen;HUANG Zhen-ling;GUO Su-yun;RUAN Li-xia;MO Zhou-mei(Longzhou Tropical Crop Science Observation Comprehensive Experimental Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Sciences Research Institute,Longzhou,Guangxi 532415,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部龙州热带作物科学观测综合实验站/广西南亚热带农业科学研究所,广西龙州532415

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第11期2358-2366,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系广西创新团队建设项目(nycytxgxcxtd⁃11⁃07);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2022YM35,桂农科2021YT157)。

摘　　要：【目的】对葛根种质资源进行遗传多样性分析,并构建分子身份证,为葛根种质鉴定提供参考依据。【方法】以收集来自不同地区的21份葛根种质为试验材料,采用变异系数、Shannon⁃Weaver多样性指数、聚类分析、ISSR引物多态性研究葛根种质资源遗传多样性,并构建分子身份证。【结果】21份葛根种质资源各遗传性状表现出丰富的多样性,其Shannon⁃Weaver多样性指数为0.381~1.844,平均值为1.166,其中主茎粗Shannon⁃Weaver多样性指数最大(1.844)。葛根种质遗传性状变异系数范围为16.330%~55.714%,平均值为35.157%,其中,成熟叶片花纹变异系数最大(55.714%),其他遗传性状变异系数均大于15.000%。从48条ISSR引物中筛选出10条条带清晰,多态性较好的引物,其多态性比率为40.00%~100.00%;多态性信息含量值(PIC)、等位基因数(Na)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、Nei’s基因多样性(H′)和Shannon’s信息指数(I)分别为0.7043~0.8468、1.4000~2.0000、1.1135~1.4741、0.0776~0.2999、0.1276~0.4720,其平均值分别为0.7800、1.7830、1.3514、0.2160、0.3353。说明所筛选的10条ISSR引物多态性检测效率较高,适合用于葛根种质资源的遗传多样性分析。聚类分析可将供试葛根种质分成3类,部分种质与地理来源存在一定关联性,存在不同地域种质互相引进或交流。按照ISSR引物中PIC值由大到小的顺序,筛选P6、P17和P42作为核心引物,构建葛根种质资源DNA分子身份证。【结论】21份葛根种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性和较高杂合度,可作为今后葛根育种选育基础材料。筛选出的P6、P17和P42可作为核心引物,能有效区分21份葛根种质资源,并构建分子身份证。本研究为葛根种质资源区分和精准鉴定及葛根种质资源DNA分子身份证的构建提供了理论参考。【Objective】A genetic diversity analysis of 21 Pueraria DC.germplasm resources was performed,and the molecular ID was con⁃structed to provide a reference for Pueraria DC.germplasm resources identification.【Method】In the study,twenty⁃one Pueraria DC.germplasm from different regions were collected as experimental materials.Genetic diversity of Pueraria DC.germplasm was studied by coefficient of variation,Shannon⁃Weaver diversity index,cluster analysis and ISSR primer polymorphism,and molecular identity card was constructed.【Result】The genetic characters of 21 Pueraria DC.germplasm resources showed rich diversity.Its Shannon⁃Weaver diversity in⁃dex ranged from 0.381 to 1.844,with an average of 1.166,and Shannon⁃Weaver diversity index of main stem diameter was the highest(1.844).The variation coefficient of Pueraria DC.germplasm genetic traits ranged from 16.330%to 55.714%,with an average of 35.157%.Among them,the variation coefficient of mature leaf pattern was the largest(55.714%),and the variation coefficient of other ge⁃netic traits was greater than 15.000%.Ten primers with clear bands and good polymorphism were selected from 48 ISSR primers.The poly⁃morphism rate was 40.00%—100.00%.Polymorphism information content(PIC)value,number of alleles(Na),effective alleles(Ne),Nei's gene diversity(H′)and Shannon's information index(I)were 0.7043-0.8468,1.4000-2.0000,1.1135-1.4741,0.0776-0.2999,0.1276-0.4720,and their average values were 0.7800,1.7830,1.3514,0.2160,0.3353 respectively.These results indicated that the 10 ISSR primers had high polymorphism detection efficiency and were suitable for genetic diversity analysis of Pueraria DC.germplasm resources.The results of cluster analysis could divide the germplasms into 3 groups,and some germplasms had some correla⁃tion with geographical origin,and there was mutual introduction or exchange of germplasms from different regions.According to the sequence of PIC values in ISSR markers,P6,P17 and P42 were selected as the core primers,which were

关 键 词：葛根 遗传性状 ISSR 指纹图谱 分子身份证 

分 类 号：S567.19[农业科学—中草药栽培]