不同坡向对尾巨桉人工林林木生长及林下植物多样性的影响  

Effects of different slope orientations on growth and understory plant diversity of Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis plantation forests

作　　者：曹现富 王晓丽 邹广权 李艳 付朴艳 李华 李妹 唐君培 曹子林[2] CAO Xian-fu;WANG Xiao-li;ZOU Guang-quan;LI Yan;FU Pu-yan;LI Hua;LI Mei;TANG Jun-pei;CAO Zi-lin(College of Forestry,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,Yunnan;College of Ecology and Environment,Southwest For-estry University,Kunming 650224,Yunnan)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学林学院,昆明650224 [2]西南林业大学生态与环境学院,昆明650224

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第11期2511-2517,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题项目(2016YFD0600501)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨坡向对尾巨桉人工林林木生长及林下植物多样性的影响。【方法】以云南省临沧市双江县忙安林场8年生尾巨桉人工林为研究对象,设置4个坡向(阳坡、半阳坡、阴坡、半阴坡),每个坡向3个样地,采用样地调查对林分平均胸径、林分平均树高、单位面积林分蓄积量和单株立木材积及植物多样性指数(Margalef指数、Simpson指数、Shannon⁃wiener指数、Pielou指数)进行研究。【结果】坡向对尾巨桉人工林的林分平均胸径(P=0.000)、林分平均树高(P=0.000)、单位面积林分蓄积量(P=0.001)和单株立木材积(P=0.005)均具有极显著影响,且阳坡的各生长指标均极显著大于阴坡,半阳坡和半阴坡为过渡组。4个坡向尾巨桉人工林林下灌木植物共有40种,隶属于23科36属;同时草本植物共有30种,隶属于16科28属;4个坡向中,半阴坡的林下物种数最多。尾巨桉人工林林下灌木层植物的Margalef指数(P=0.013)、Simpson指数(P=0.047)和Pielou指数(P=0.029)在坡向间均有显著差异,但Shannon⁃wiener指数(P=0.127)在坡向间无显著差异;阳坡灌木层植物的Margalef指数和Simp⁃son指数均显著大于阴坡,阴坡灌木层植物的Pielou指数显著大于阳坡。尾巨桉人工林林下草本层植物的Margalef指数、Simpson指数、Shannon⁃wiener指数和Pielou指数最大值均出现在阴坡,最小值均在阳坡;草本层植物的Margalef指数(P=0.013)、Simpson指数(P=0.036)和Shannon⁃wiener指数(P=0.035)在坡向间均存在显著差异,且阴坡均显著大于阳坡;草本层植物的Pielou指数在坡向间无显著差异(P=0.114)。【结论】4个坡向中,半阴坡的林下物种数最多,阳坡更利于林木生长和灌木层植物的生存,阴坡更利于草本层植物的生存,综合考虑林木生长和林下植物多样性,阳坡为尾巨桉的适宜造林坡向。【Objective】The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the effects of slope orientation on the growth of and understory plant diversity of Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis plantation forests.【Method】The 8 year⁃old Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis plantation forest in Shuangjiang county,Lincang city,Yunnan province was used as the research object.Four slope directions(sunny,semi⁃sunny,shady and semi⁃shady)were set up,with three sampling plots for each direction.The stand mean diameter at breast height(DBH),stand mean height(STH),stand volume per unit area,standing timber volume per plant and understory plant diversity(Margalef index,Simpson in⁃dex,Shannon⁃wiener index and Pielou index)were studied by the sample plot survey method.【Result】Slope orientation had a significant effect on the mean stand diameter at breast height(P=0.000),mean stand height(P=0.000),stand volume per unit area(P=0.001)and standing timber volume per unit area(P=005)in Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis plantation forests,and the growth indexes on the sunny slopes were more than those on the shady slopes,with the half⁃sunny slopes and the semi⁃shady slopes as the transition group.There were 40 species of shrubs in the understory of Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis plantation forests in all four slope directions,belonging to 23 families and 36 genera,and 30 species of herbaceous plants,belonging to 16 families and 28 genera;Among the four slope directions,the number of understory species on the semi⁃yin slopes was the highest.The Margalef index(P=0.013),Simpson index(P=0.047)and Pielou index(P=0.029)of the shrub layer plants in the understory of Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis plantation forests were all signifi⁃cantly different among slope directions,but the Shannon⁃wiener index(P=0.127)did not differ significantly among slope directions;The Margalef index and Simpson index(P=0.047)of shrub layer plants on the sunny slopes were all significantly different among slope direc⁃tions.Margalef index and Simpson i

关 键 词：坡向 尾巨桉 林木生长 林下植物多样性 

分 类 号：S718[农业科学—林学]