我国少子化现状及原因分析  

An Analysis of the Current Situation and Causes of Low Fertility in China

作　　者：李文凯 任群罗[2] Li Wenkai;Ren Qunluo(School of Government,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150086;School of Economics,Xinjiang University of Finance and Economics,Urumqi 841100)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学政府管理学院,哈尔滨150086 [2]新疆财经大学经济学院,乌鲁木齐841100

出　　处：《西部学刊》2024年第1期159-164,共6页Journal of Western

摘　　要：近年来,我国人口少子化问题愈来愈严重,主要表现在2016年到2021年期间出生人口数量的快速下降,2021年达到1978年以来最低点(1062万人)。根据第七次人口普查数据,0—14岁人口占比达到了17.95%,达到了严重少子化的程度。造成人口少子化趋势的原因有四个方面:计划生育政策对少子化的影响,主要表现为政策的实施过于简单、僵硬,经济社会因素对少子化的影响,一是年轻人面临房子、子女教育、赡养老人等生活成本的压力;二是城市化的发展降低了生育率。文化观念因素表现在传统观念的淡泊、男女平等的深入,同居者、丁克家庭和同性恋群体规模的扩大;自身因素表现在避孕水平的提高和人工流产等方面。In recent years,the problem of low fertility in China has become increasingly serious,which is mainly reflected in the rapid decline of the number of births between 2016 and 2021.The number of birth in 2021 has reached the lowest point(10.62 million people)since 1978.According to the data of the seventh national population census,the proportion of the population aged from 0 to 14 years has dropped to 17.95%,reaching the level of severely low fertility.There are four reasons for the trend of low fertility.First,the impact of China’s family planning policy on low fertility is mainly manifested in the excessively simple and rigid implementation of the policy.Second,the impact of economic and social factors on low fertility is reflected in two aspects:firstly,young people face the pressure of living costs such as housing,children’s education fee,and the supporting of the elderly.Meanwhile,the development of urbanization has reduced the fertility rate.The third factor is the impact of cultural conceptual factor,which is manifested in people’s indifference attitudes towards traditional concepts,people’s stronger awareness of sexual equality,the increasing lifestyle of cohabitation,DINK families(double income no kids families),and homosexual groups.In addition,the impact of self-factor is also manifested in the improvement of contraceptive effect and induced abortion.

关 键 词：少子化 抚养成本 文化因素 

分 类 号：C924.24[社会学—人口学]