草原区露天煤矿周边植物多样性和土壤养分关系研究  

Research on relationship between plant diversity and soil nutrient of open-pit coal mines in prairie

作　　者：韩煜[1,2] 王琦 赵伟[3] 史娜娜 肖能文 全占军[1,2] HAN Yu;WANG Qi;ZHAO Wei;SHI Nana;XIAO Nengwen;QUAN Zhanjun(Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment,Beijing 100012,China;Beijing Urban Rapid Transit Development Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100027,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [2]国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室,北京100012 [3]北京城市快轨建设管理有限公司,北京100027

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2023年第9期23-33,共11页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501101-3)。

摘　　要：为研究草原区露天煤矿周围植物多样性和土壤养分变化特征,利用相关性分析、冗余分析和逐步回归分析深入剖析植物多样性与土壤养分之间关系。结果表明,①露天煤矿周围500m范围内群落物种数量比对照区减少10.5%~57.9%,原生优势种克氏针茅、羊草重要值减小,刺藜、猪毛菜、画眉草等物种重要值增大,植被逐渐向一二年植物群落演替,露天煤矿周围100m处群落丰富度指数和多样性指数显著低于对照区(P<0.05);②露天煤矿距采场100 m处土壤全氮、全磷、全钾和速效磷含量分别比对照区下降20.0%~60.0%、44.4%~66.7%、7.0%~7.9%和39.8%~41.5%(P<0.05)。距离采场越远,土壤养分含量越高;③群落多样性指数与土壤养分因子均呈正相关关系,其中丰富度指数、多样性指数、优势度指数与土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷相关性达显著或极显著水平(P<0.05,P<0.01)。露天煤矿土壤养分可解释64.7%植物群落多样性变化,影响群落结构关键因子是土壤全氮。In order to study the changes of plant diversity and soil nutrient in the areas around open-pit coal mines,the relationship between plant community diversity and soil nutrient was deeply researched by the methods of correlation analysis,redundancy analysis and stepwise regression analysis.The results showed as the followings:①The plant species within 500 m around open-pit coal mines declined by 10.5%-57.9%compared with that in the non-mining area.The importance value of the original dominant species Stipa baicalensis and Leymus chinensis decreased,while the importance value of Chenopodium aristatum,Salsola collina and Eragrostis pilosa increased and the plant community gradually turned into a succession of annual and biennial plants.The community richness index and diversity index at 100 m around open-pit coal mines were significantly lower than those in the non-mining area(P<0.05).②The content of soil total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium and available phosphorus decreased by 20.0%-60.0%,44.4%-66.7%,7.0%-7.9%and 39.8%-41.5%respectively in open-pit coal mines at 100 m away from the stope(P<0.05).The content of soil nutrients at 500 m away from the stope were higher than that at 100 m,and it showed a upward trend as the distance from the mining area was farther.③There was a positive correlation between community diversity indices and the contents of soil nutrients.The correlation among the community richness index,diversity index and dominance index and the contents of soil organic matter,the total nitrogen and available phosphorus were significant or extremely significant(P<0.05,P<0.01).The change of plant community diversity in open-pit coal mines was explained by 64.7%of soil nutrient variables and the key factor affecting community diversity was soil total nitrogen.

关 键 词：草原区 露天煤矿 植物多样性 土壤养分 

分 类 号：TD824[矿业工程—煤矿开采] Q948.113[矿业工程—矿山开采]