不同秸秆还田量对棉花生长发育和根际土壤的影响  

Effects of Different Straw Returning Rates on Growth and Rhizosphere Soil of Cotton

作　　者：李佳芮 叶淑娟 覃业玲 周成轩 朱方歌 贺云新[2] 吴碧波[3] 周仲华[1] LI Jiarui;YE Shujuan;QIN Yeling;ZHOU Chengxuan;ZHU Fangge;HE Yunxin;WU Bibo;ZHOU Zhonghua(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Hunan Institute of Cotton Science,Changde,Hunan 415101,China;Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic,Changsha,Hunan 410127,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南省棉花科学研究所,湖南常德415101 [3]湖南生物机电职业技术学院,湖南长沙410127

出　　处：《作物研究》2023年第6期577-581,共5页Crop Research

摘　　要：为探究不同棉花秸秆还田量对棉花生长发育和根际土壤的影响,明确其可能的增产机制,本研究以早熟棉JX0010为试验材料,设置不施加秸秆(CK)、施加三分之一粉碎秸秆(T1)、施加三分之二粉碎秸秆(T2)、施加全量粉碎秸秆(T3)4个处理,于棉花苗期取棉株主茎倒4叶比较分析不同秸秆还田量处理下棉花苗期生理生化指标、根际土壤理化性质和土壤微生物群落指标。结果表明:与对照相比,T1、T2和T3处理棉苗的叶绿素含量、根系活力、过氧化物酶活性和硝酸还原酶活性均显著提高,土壤pH值、碱解氮含量和全氮含量增加但不显著;土壤有机质含量随秸秆还田量的增加呈先降低后增加再降低的趋势;秸秆还田量的增加使土壤中变形菌纲的丰度上升,放线菌纲的丰度降低。综合分析,T2、T3处理均可以显著提高棉花的生理生化指标,且T2处理能显著增加土壤有机质含量和改善土壤微生物群落结构,可达到优化土壤结构、提升土壤肥力的目的。To explore the effects of returning cotton straws back to the field in different rates on the growth of cotton and the quality of rhizosphere soil,as well as to further clarify the possibilities in patterns of increasing productions of cotton from different returning methods,this research chose JX0010,a precocious variety of cotton,as the experimental material,conducting an indoor-experiment,where four groups were set up.Group CK was planted with no straw,while Group T1 was planted with one-third of its crushed straw,Group T2 being planted with two-third.Besides,Group T3 used all of its straw.The effects of different returning methods on the physiological and biochemical indicators of cotton seedling,as well as those on the physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil and microbial community indicators in the soil,were mea-sured.The results showed that compared with Group CK,various physiological indicators of the cotton which were chlorophyll content,root activity,peroxidase activity,and nitrate reductase activity in Group T1,T2 and T3 had increased significantly,while pH value and the content of Alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen and total nitrogen in the soil increased slightly.In addition,as the quantity of straw increased,the organic matter content in the soil decreased at first,then increase,and re-decrease at last.Furthermore,with the increase in straw content,the richness of Proteobacteria in the soil increased as well,while the amount of Actinomyces decreased.To sum up,methods in T2 and T3 can significantly improve the physiological and biochemical indicators of cotton,and that in T2 can significantly increase the soil organic matter content and the specificity of soil community structure,improving the soil structure and fertility.

关 键 词：棉花 秸秆还田 根际土壤 微生物群落 

分 类 号：S562.06[农业科学—作物学]