湿润育苗下不同基质处理对烟苗生长发育的影响  

Effects of Different Substrates on the Growth and Development of Tobacco Seedlings with Moist Cultivation

作　　者：王青 张宇航 易克 高志豪 成志军 李迪秦[2] WANG Qing;ZHANG Yuhang;YI Ke;GAO Zhihao;CHENG Zhijun;LI Diqin(Yuxi Tobacco Company Eshan County Branch,Eshan,Yunnan 653200,China;College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co,Ltd,Changsha,Hunan 410014,China)

机构地区：[1]玉溪市烟草公司峨山县分公司,云南峨山653200 [2]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [3]湖南中烟工业有限责任公司,湖南长沙410014

出　　处：《作物研究》2023年第6期582-587,共6页Crop Research

基　　金：株洲市烟草公司项目(2021-01);湖南中烟工业有限责任公司项目(202143000934098)。

摘　　要：为了探讨育苗基质对培育烤烟壮苗的效果,以商品育苗基质为对照,以干牛粪、黄泥土、草炭、膨化珍珠岩为基质组分材料,采用不同基质组分配比配制成5种育苗基质,在湿润育苗下,开展不同基质对云烟87烟苗素质影响的研究。结果表明:由于组分构成的差异,5种基质主要理化性质不同,导致成苗期烟苗生长发育有所差异。5种基质的容重为0.45~0.66 g/cm^(3),显著高于对照;总孔隙度为67.7%~76.1%,均低于对照;pH值为6.7~7.0,电导率为0.78~2.15 mS/cm,均高于对照;T1和T2的气水比高于对照;T1、T2和T3烟苗茎围、株高、最大叶叶面积均高于对照;T1和T2的全株烟苗干质量相比对照分别提高了10.8%和9.9%;叶绿素总含量只有T4低于对照;T1~T3的根系活力相比对照提高了44.3%~48.5%,硝酸还原酶活性提高了29.4%~44.1%。主成分分析及综合评价结果显示,不同基质处理培育壮苗的作用效果为T2>T1>T3>CK>T4>T5,采用15%干牛粪+35%黄泥土+35%草炭+15%膨化珍珠岩配制的基质,有利于促进烟苗生长发育,培育壮苗。In order to explore the effect of seedling growing media based on the cultivation of strong seedlings of flue-cured tobacco,the effects of different substrate treatments on the quality of Yunyan 87 tobacco seedlings under wet seedling growing were studied with commercial seedling growing media as the control,and dry cow doung,yellow soil,peat,expanded perlite as the matrix components.The results showed that there were differences in the composition of components and the main physicochemical properties of each substrate treatment,leading to differences in the growth and development of toba-cco seedlings during the seedling stage.The substrate bulk density of the five treatments was 0.45-0.66 g/cm^(3),which was significantly higher than the control;The total porosity was 67.7%-76.1%,which was lower than the control;pH value was 6.7-7.0,and the conductivity was 0.78-2.15 mS/cm,both of which are higher than the control.The gas-water ratio of T1 and T2 were higher than that of the control;The stem circumference,plant height,and maximum leaf area of T1,T2,and T3 tobacco seedlings were higher than those of the control;Compared with the control,the dry weight of T1 and T2 tobacco seedlings increased by 10.8%and 9.9%,respectively;The total chlorophyll content was only lower in T4 than the control;The root activity of T1,T2 and T3 increased by 44.3%-48.5%compared to the control,and the nitrate reductase activity of which increased by 29.4%-44.1%compared to the control.The result of principal component analysis and comprehensive revealed that the effect of cultivating strong seedlings of the substrates was T2>T1>T3>CK>T4>T5.The substrate made of 15%dry cow dung+35%yellow soil+35%peat+15%expanded perlite as the wet seedling substrate is conducive to promoting the growth and development of tobacco seedlings and cultivating strong seedlings.

关 键 词：烤烟 育苗 基质 烟苗素质 

分 类 号：S572.043[农业科学—烟草工业]