回炼轻烃和解吸气对延迟焦化装置的影响及对策  

Influence of Recycling Light Hydrocarbons and Desorbed Gas on Delayed Coking Units and the Countermeasures

作　　者：赵岩[1] 王乐毅[1] Zhao Yan;Wang Leyi(SINOPEC Luoyang Company,Luoyang Henan 471000)

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工股份有限公司洛阳分公司,河南洛阳471000

出　　处：《中外能源》2024年第1期77-82,共6页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：在延迟焦化装置低负荷的工况下,某炼油厂延迟焦化装置通过回炼直柴加氢、航煤加氢的轻烃、制氢装置PSA的解吸气有效解决了焦化装置低负荷下气压机入口流量不足的难题,减少了气压机防喘振阀的开度,降低了装置的能耗。但是轻烃、解吸气回炼过程对其核心设备气压机组的平稳运行影响较大,尤其是轻烃和解吸气的流量、组分波动大,会造成气压机的振动超标或者联锁停机。通过分析轻烃、解吸气流量和组分变化对气压机关键操作参数的影响后发现:轻烃、解吸气流量和组分变化影响气压机组入口压力,进而造成气压机入口流量、调速气门的开度和转速大幅度变化,造成气压机的振动超标,采取稳定回炼量、控制入口压力、合理控制机组转速等手段,可以消除轻烃、解吸气流量和组分变化对气压机组的影响,延迟焦化装置采取上述操作方法实现了解吸气和轻烃稳定回炼,每小时可回收轻烃、解吸气中液化气1.5t,回收率达到了90.36%。Under the low load operating conditions of the delayed coking unit in a refinery,the problem of insufficient inlet flow of compressor was effectively solved by recycling the light hydrocarbons from straight-run diesel hydrogenation unit and aviation kerosene hydrogenation unit as well as the desorbed gas from the PSA unit of hydrogen plant,reducing the opening of anti-surge valve of compressor and the energy consumption of the unit.However,the recycling process of light hydrocarbons and desorbed gas had a significant impact on the smooth operation of compressor unit,its core equipment,especially the large fluctuations in the flow rate and composition of light hydrocarbons and desorbed gas may cause excessive vibration or interlocking shutdown of the compressors.By analyzing the impact of changes in the flow rate and composition of light hydrocarbons and desorbed gas on the key operating parameters of the compressors,it was found that the changes in flow rate and composition of light hydrocarbons and desorbed gas affected the inlet pressure of the compressors,leading to significant changes in the inlet flow rate,the opening of speed control valve and the speed of compressors and finally the excessive vibration of compressors.Measures such as stabilizing the recycling amount,controlling the inlet pressure and reasonably controlling the speed of compressor unit can be taken to eliminate the influence of changes in the flow rate and composition of light hydrocarbons and desorbed gas on the compressor unit.The above-mentioned methods achieved the stable recycling of desorbed gas and light hydrocarbons.Each hour 1.5 tons of liquefied gas can be recovered from the light hydrocarbons and desorbed gas,with a recovery rate of 90.36%.

关 键 词：延迟焦化 轻烃和解吸气 气压机 优化 

分 类 号：TE96[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]