清朝与瓦罕关系述略  

An Overview of the Relations between the Qing Dynasty and Wakhan

作　　者：张安 屠静芬 ZHANG An;TU Jing-fen(School of Marxism,Central China Normal University,Wuhan,Hubei,430079)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学马克思主义学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第1期41-48,共8页Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“中阿边界问题研究”(17BZS111)。

摘　　要：瓦罕,是一个位于帕米尔高原最南面的土邦。1759年清政府平定大小和卓之乱后,瓦罕成为清朝的外藩属国。但乾隆时期瓦罕与清朝的关系比较疏远,清政府不仅对瓦罕的求援置之不理,而且在布鲁特部落劫掠瓦罕人、牲畜一事上大多本着息事宁人的态度。乾隆朝之后,瓦罕与清朝的关系进一步疏离。在浩罕骚扰中国新疆的活动中,瓦罕多次派人参与其中。1883年,在英国的纵容下,瓦罕被阿富汗吞并,中瓦宗藩关系正式瓦解。而这与英俄在中亚的大博弈紧密相关。在这一过程中,英俄两国探险家扮演着重要角色。总的来说,清朝与瓦罕关系的流转变迁,映照着中国与周边国家之间传统的以“朝贡”和“羁縻”为中心内容的宗藩体制从兴盛走向衰亡的历史。Wakhan was a country located in the southernmost part of the Pamirs.Wakhan became a vassal state of the Qing Dynasty in 1759 after the Qing government pacified the Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas.However,the relationship between Wakhan and the Qing Dynasty was relatively alienated during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty.The Qing government not only ignored the request for help from the Wakhan,but also took sides with the Brut in the looting of Wakhan people and livestock by the Brut tribe on some occasions.After the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty,the relationship between Wakhan and the Qing Dynasty was further alienated.Wakhan was repeatedly involved in the activities of Kokand harassing China's Xinjiang.In 1883,Wakhan was annexed by Afghanistan with the connivance of Britain because of the great game between Britain and Russia in central Asia.In general,the transition of relations between Wakhan and the Qing Dynasty reflected the history of the decline of the Suzerain-Vassal System of Ancient China between China and neighboring countries which is centered on the"Tributary system"and the Jimi system.

关 键 词：清朝 瓦罕 英俄大博弈 中亚藩属 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]