印度“印太”愿景的演变、特点及制约因素  

India's Indo-Pacific Vision:Development,Implementation and Constraints

作　　者：谢超[1] Xie Chao

机构地区：[1]复旦大学南亚研究中心

出　　处：《南亚研究》2023年第4期25-57,153-155,共36页South Asian Studies

基　　金：2023年度上海市哲学社会科学规划课题“印度右翼政治思潮崛起及其内政外交影响研究”(项目批准号:2023BGJ007)的阶段性成果;复旦大学亚洲研究中心2023年度课题“印度古代思想的战略文化启示及其对印美关系的影响”的资助成果。

摘　　要：印度对“印太”概念的讨论和实践经历了初步接受、积极融入、回调构建和主动塑造等四个阶段的变化,以发展更贴合印度利益的“印太”愿景。当前莫迪政府对外政策的本质特征在于强调印度已成为世界大国,外交重点是与其他大国之间外交互动以及保持大国竞争的平衡等三个方面,其外交实践具备强调与中国战略竞争、加强印美战略合作、推动美日印澳四边合作机制化和支持东盟“中心地位”等四个主要特点。莫迪政府在发展和实践“印太”愿景方面的举措颇多并取得一定成果,不过莫迪政府外交政策仍受到国内国际因素的制约。国内因素方面,国民志愿服务团等代表的经济民族主义思想制约印度改善国内投资和经商环境;印度自身实力不足,制造业经过多年发展却呈现萎缩态势,这些因素限制了印度参与“印太”地缘合作的成效。国际因素方面,拜登政府持续的“美国优先”实践和“印太”复杂地缘政治态势限制了印度的策略选择,使得印度在总体战略向美国靠拢的情况下,与美国的关系发展仍然存在竞争与合作的两面性。当前印度是区域内主要国家中唯一同时参与多个有竞争关系的重要多边平台,中印之间发展理性务实合作将帮助域内国家在塑造地区秩序的进程中形成更大的合力。Discussions and implementation of the concept of the Indo-Pacific in India have been through four stages:initial acceptance,active integration,and recalibration and reshaping.Each of these stages aimed to develop an Indo-Pacific vision that is more aligned with India's interests.The current Modi government emphasizes India's status as a major power,focusing the country's diplomacy on interactions with other major powers and on maintaining a balance vis-à-vis great power competition.In practice,this involves emphasizing strategic competition with China,strengthening strategic cooperation with the United States,promoting the institutionalization of the Quad(the U.S.,India,Japan and Australia),and supporting the principle of ASEAN Centrality as the four pillars of India's foreign policy.The Modi Administration has adopted a number of measures to further develop and implement the country's Indo-Pacific vision,achieving some success.While so,the Modi Administration's foreign policy continues to be constrained by Hindu nationalist forces,including Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh(RSS).Factors such as India's domestic investment and business environment,India's own capacity,and the country's shrinking manufacturing sector all limit the effectiveness of India's participation in geo-political cooperation in the Indo-Pacific.The Biden Administration's continuation of“America First”and the complex geo-political situation surrounding the Indo-Pacific further constrain India's strategic choices vis-à-vis the Indo-Pacific.While India continues to enhance its strategic alignment with the United States,this does result in it engaging in both cooperation and competition with the U.S.as the relationship evolves.Currently,India is the only major power in the region that is engaging simultaneously in competing multi-lateral platforms.The development of rational and pragmatic cooperation between China and India will help countries in the region exert greater collective influence in shaping the regional order.

关 键 词：印度“印太”愿景 印美关系 美日印澳 中印关系 东盟“中心地位” 

分 类 号：D835.1[政治法律—政治学] D81[政治法律—外交学]