防治人参菌核病新型高效低毒农药室内筛选  

Indoor Screening of New High-efficiency and Low-toxicity Fungicides for the Prevention and Control of Sclerotinia ginseng

作　　者：冯时 孙国刚[4] 冯志伟 白洁 宋明海 杨丽娜 王雪 卢宝慧 高洁 FENG Shi;SUN Guogang;FENG Zhiwei;BAI Jie;SONG Minghai;YANG Li'na;WANG Xue;LU Baohui;GAO Jie(College of Plant Protection,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;State Lo-cal Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application,Changchun 130118,China;Fusong County Shenwang Plant Protection Co.,Ltd.,Baishan 134500,China;Ji'an Ginseng Research Institute,Tonghua 134200,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学植物保护学院,长春130118 [2]人参新品种选育与开发国家地方联合工程研究中心,长春130118 [3]抚松县参王植保有限责任公司,白山134500 [4]集安人参研究所,通化134200

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2023年第6期747-755,共9页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(20180311001YY,20180201003NY);“111基地”建设项目(D17014)。

摘　　要：选用不同化学杀菌剂原药和生防菌剂(株),采用生长速率法对人参菌核病原菌进行室内毒力测定,并比较不同药剂在不同浓度下对菌核形成数量的影响,以期筛选出高效防治人参菌核病药剂。结果表明:化学药剂中氟环唑和咯菌腈的抑菌效果最好,其EC_(50)和EC_(90)值均<0.0100 mg/L,其次为戊唑醇和氟啶胺,其EC_(50)和EC_(90)值均<0.1000 mg/L。首次采用原药对16种药剂进行了抑菌效果和菌核形成抑制效果评价,能够真实地反映出药剂的实际水平,其中氟环唑和氟啶胺首次用于人参菌核病的防治研究。生防菌剂(株)中枯草芽孢杆菌(科诺)、复合内生芽孢杆菌(京青)抑菌效果最好,EC_(50)较小,EC_(90)分别为4.22×10^(5),2.45×10^(6)CFU/mL;其次为枯草芽孢杆菌(德强)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌FS6,EC_(50)均<2.0×10^(5)CFU/mL,EC_(90)均<6.0×10^(7)CFU/mL。其中解淀粉芽孢杆菌FS6为吉林农业大学植物病害综合治理实验室自主研发的生防菌剂。在抑制菌核形成方面,生物菌剂比化学药剂效果好,30 d后复合内生芽孢杆菌(京青)、多粘类芽孢杆菌(临猗)、枯草芽孢杆菌(科诺、德强)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌FS6和N1仍能够持续抑制菌丝不形成菌核,菌核形成抑制率达100%。试验共筛选出13种对人参菌核病菌有良好抑菌效果的高效、低毒、低残留的化学药剂,5种高效、低毒、无残留生防药剂,且均能较好地抑制菌核形成。筛选出的氟环唑、氟啶胺、氟唑菌酰胺、吡唑醚菌酯等化学药剂以及解淀粉芽孢杆菌和多粘类芽孢杆菌等生防药剂,首次用于菌核病菌的室内毒力测定,为人参菌核病的田间防治奠定了理论基础。Using different chemical fungicides and biocontrol agents(strains),the growth rate method was used to determine the indoor toxicity of Sclerotinia ginseng,and the effects of different agents on the number of sclerotia formation at different concentrations were compared in order to screen efficient agents for the prevention and controlt of Sclerotinia ginseng.The results showed that epoxiconazole and fludioxonil had the best antifungal effects in the tested chemicals,and their EC_(50) and EC_(90) values are both less than 0.0100 mg/L,followed by tebuconazole and fluazinam,with EC_(50) and EC_(90) values less than 0.1000 mg/L.The antifungal effects and sclerotia formation inhibition effects of 16 chemical fungicides were evaluated for the first time using the technical materials,which can reflect the actual level of the fungicides more truly.Among them,epoxiconazole and fluazinam were used for the first time in the prevention and control of Sclerotinia ginseng.Among the biocontrol agents(strains),Bacillus subtilis(Kenuo)and composite endophyte Bacillus(Jingqing)had the best antifungal effects,EC_(50) value is less,and EC_(90) at 4.22×10^(5) and 2.45×10^(6) CFU/mL,respectively;followed by Bacillus subtilis(Deqiang),Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FS6,the EC_(50) is less than 2.0×10^(5) CFU/mL,and the EC_(90) is less than 6.0×10^(7) CFU/mL.Among them,B.amyloliquefaciens FS6 is a biocontrol agent independently developed by our laboratory.In terms of inhibiting the formation of sclerotia,biological agents are more effective than chemical agents.After 30 days,they were combined with composite endophyte Bacillus(Jingqing),Paenibacillus polymyxa(Linyi),B.subtilis(Kono,Deqiang).B.amyloliquefaciens FS6 and N1 could continue to inhibit mycelium without forming sclerotia,and the inhibition rate of sclerotia formation reached 100%.In this test,a total of 13 high-efficiency,low-toxicity,and low-residue chemical agents with good antifungal effects on S.ginseng were screened out,and 5 high-efficiency,low-toxicity,and no-residue bi

关 键 词：人参 菌核病菌 化学药剂 生防菌剂 毒力测定 室内筛选 

分 类 号：S435.675[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]