人参外部形态特征与小孢子发育时期的相关性研究  

Correlation Between External Morphological Characteristics and Microspore Developmental Stages of Ginseng

作　　者：王轶晗 张浩[2] 杨鹤 杨玉坤 方平 王英平 WANG Yihan;ZHANG Hao;YANG He;YANG Yukun;FANG Ping;WANG Yingping(State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application,Changchun130118,China;Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of CAAS,Changchun 130112,China)

机构地区：[1]人参新品种选育与开发国家地方联合工程研究中心,长春130118 [2]中国农业科学院特产研究所,长春130112

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2023年第6期756-762,共7页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(20200802015GH);吉林省科技发展计划人参产业战略提升重大科技专项(20200504001YY)。

摘　　要：通过观察人参小孢子不同发育时期的植株外部形态及细胞学特征,分析小孢子发育时期与植株、花器官外部形态的相关性,为人参有性生殖研究和小孢子培养提供细胞学依据。采摘四年生人参花蕾作为试验材料,一部分花药染色后压片,观察小孢子发育的细胞学特征变化;另一部分观测植株和花器官的特征变化,建立小孢子发育时期与外部形态特征的对应关系。结果表明:人参小孢子发育经历四分体时期、单核早期、单核中后期、空泡期、双核期和三核期,各时期细胞学特征明显。小孢子各发育时期与植株和花器官形态特征密切相关,当人参花蕾直径在1.21~1.41 mm,花药直径0.42~0.64 mm,花梗长12.8~17.2 mm,花蒂长1.34~9.57 mm,花序直径1.51~1.86 cm,叶柄长21.6~26.6 mm,株高24~48 cm,部分叶片展开,花蕾整体呈深绿色,花瓣顶端区域可见白色,花药内部较饱满时,大部分小孢子处于单核中后期。植株和花器官外部形态特征及指标可作为判断小孢子发育时期的依据,据此可便捷地找到试验研究所需时期的小孢子。By observing the external morphology and cytological characteristics of ginseng microspores at different developmental stages and analyzing the correlation between the developmental stages of microspores and the external morphology of plants and floral organs,this study provides a cytological basis for ginseng sexual reproduction research and microspore culture.Materials and methods Four-year-old ginseng flower buds were picked as test materials.One part of the anthers was stained and pressed into tablets to observe the changes in cytological characteristics of the microspore development and the other part to observe the changes in the characteristics of plants and floral organs, establishing a corresponding relationship between the developmental stages and the external morphological characteristics of the microspores. The results showed that the development of ginseng microspores has experienced tetrad stage, early mononuclear stage, middle and late mononuclear stage, vacuole stage, binuclear stage and trinuclear stage, with obvious cytological characteristics at each stage. The developmental stages of microspores are closely related to the morphological characteristics of plants and floral organs. When the ginseng flower bud diameter is 1.33-1.68 mm, the anther diameter is 0.48-0.69 mm, the peduncle length is 12.8-17.2 mm, the pedicel length is 1.34-9.57 mm, the inflorescence diameter is 1.51-1.86 cm, the petiole length is 21.6-26.6 mm, the plant height is 24-48 cm, part of the leaves are spread out, the whole flower bud is dark green, and the top area of the petals can be white, and when the anther is full, most of the microspores are at the middle and late stages of mononuclear.Conclusion The external morphological characteristics and indicators of plants and floral organs can serve as the basis for determining the developmental stages of microspores, and the microspores at the required stage of experimental research can be easily found.

关 键 词：人参 小孢子 发育时期 植株形态 花器形态 

分 类 号：S567.51[农业科学—中草药栽培]