中国传疟媒介按蚊幼虫防制的主要实践及基本策略  

Main practices and basic strategies in Anopheles larval source management for malaria control in China

作　　者：王海防 周正斌 肖宁 陆申宁 李曰进 王多全 WANG Haifang;ZHOU Zhengbin;XIAO Ning;LU Shenning;LI Yuejin;WANG Duoquan(Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences,Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases,Ji'ning,Shandong 272033,China;National Institute of Parasitic Diseases,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research),NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases,Shanghai 200025,China;School of Global Health,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research,Shanghai 200025,China)

机构地区：[1]山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院),山东省寄生虫病防治研究所,山东济宁272033 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所(国家热带病研究中心),国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室,世界卫生组织热带病合作中心,国家级热带病国际联合研究中心,上海200025 [3]上海交通大学医学院,国家热带病研究中心全球健康学院,上海200025

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2023年第12期1294-1300,共7页China Tropical Medicine

摘　　要：疟疾仍是热带和亚热带国家和地区危害严重的公共卫生问题之一。在防制媒介按蚊方面,杀虫剂浸泡蚊帐和室内滞留喷洒等措施具有阻止传疟媒介成蚊室内吸血的作用,现已在疟疾流行区被广泛应用,但随着蚊虫抗药性发生发展,两者阻断疟疾传播的效果正逐渐减弱。而按蚊幼虫防制可以有效降低媒介按蚊种群密度,无论室内、外吸血和/或家栖、野栖蚊种;并且可以与成蚊防制相结合,成为现有成蚊防制措施的重要辅助手段。我国70余年的疟疾控制和消除进程中,不同地方根据各自不同情况,在孳生地改造、孳生地处理、杀幼制剂使用、生物防制等不同的疟疾按蚊幼虫防制类型中,进行了探索尝试和实践,积累了丰富的经验,并形成了因地制宜、综合防制、社区参与和方法创新的防制策略。本文概述了我国传疟媒介按蚊幼虫防制的主要实践及基本策略,以期为世界仍流行疟疾的地区提供防控参考。Malaria remains one of the most serious public health problems in tropical and subtropical countries and regions.In the control of the vector Anopheles,insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying,which have been promoted to interrupt malaria transmission by only preventing indoor blood-sucking by adult mosquitoes,consequently have been widely used in malaria-endemic areas.However,the efficacy of these measures in interrupting malaria transmission is gradually decreasing due to the development of mosquito resistance.In contrast,Anopheles larval source management can effectively reduce the population density of indoor and outdoor blood-sucking,wild and domestic mosquitoes.It can also be combined with adult mosquito control to become an important adjunct to existing adult mosquito control measures.In more than 70 years of malaria control and elimination in China,according to different conditions in different places,exploration and practice have been carried out in different types of control of malaria Anopheles larvae,such as habitat modification,habitat manipulation,larviciding,and biological control.These efforts have accumulated rich experience and resulted in strategies tailored to local conditions,integrated control,community involvement,and methodological innovation.This paper outlines the main practices and basic strategies of Anopheles larval source management for malaria control in China,with the aim of providing references for malaria control in other regions where malaria is still endemic.

关 键 词：媒介按蚊 幼虫防制 实践 策略 中国 

分 类 号：R531[医药卫生—内科学]