全球公共产品视角下的对外援助——动机、特点和表现形式  

Overseas Aid from the Perspective of Global Public Goods:Motivation,Feature and Manifestation Pattern

作　　者：马海涛[1] 王麒植 王一帆 MA Haitao;WANG Qizhi;WANG Yifan(Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 102206,China;China Financial Development Collaborative Innovation Center,Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学,北京102206 [2]中央财经大学中国财政发展协同创新中心,北京102206

出　　处：《山东财经大学学报》2024年第1期5-14,97,共11页Journal of Shandong University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：中央财经大学教育教学改革基金2022年度课题“经济学与社会学交叉视角下的组织理论课程设计研究”(2022XYJG75)。

摘　　要：援助活动中的成本承担方与受益方分离,具有准全球公共产品特征,因而面临供给激励不足问题。在回顾主要国家对外援助动机及互动方式的基础上,探讨了现实中用以缓解供给激励不足的手段及其对援助活动的影响。研究发现:“选择性激励”手段常被用以缓解供给激励不足问题,具体表现为援助国经常从自身利益出发对援助对象和方式进行筛选,甚至在援助中捆绑各类附加条件;“选择性激励”手段虽然有助于缓解供给不足,但是却使得援助活动成为援助国自身利益的延伸,甚至会引发多个援助国之间的利益纷争;援助国之间的利益冲突既表现为主导权之争,也表现为议题层面的话语权之争,两方面竞争共同塑造了国际援助格局。以上分析表明,中国一方面要坚定站在广大发展中国家立场上推动国际援助体系变革,另一方面也要积极构建有竞争力的发展议题,应对援助领域的话语权竞争。The cost bearers and the beneficiaries in aid activities are separated with the feature of quasi global public goods,thus facing the problem of insufficient supply incentives.On the basis of reviewing the motivation and interactive modes of overseas aid by the leading countries,this study explores the means to alleviate insufficient supply incentives in reality and their impact on aid activities.It is found that“selective incentive”means are often used to alleviate the problem of insufficient supply incentives,specifically manifested as donor countries often screening their aid recipients and aid modes based on their own interests,and even bundling various additional conditions in the aid;although“selective incentive”means can help alleviate supply insufficiency,they make aid activities an extension of the donor country’s own interests,and even trigger conflicts of interests among multiple donor countries;and that the conflict of interests between donor countries is manifested both as the competition for dominance and as the competition for discourse power at the topic level,both of which jointly shape the international aid pattern.The above analysis indicates that China should firmly stand on the position of the developing countries to promote the reform of the international aid system on the one hand,and should actively build competitive development topics to cope with the competition for discourse power in the field of aid on the other hand.

关 键 词：全球公共产品 对外援助 选择性激励 

分 类 号：F810[经济管理—财政学]