多模式离子液体推进剂的直流电点火特性研究  

DC electrical ignition characteristic of multimode ionic liquid propellant

作　　者：陈旭灿 卓建坤[1] 王尊 甘辛 唐勇[2] 姚兆普[3] 李水清[1] 姚强[1] CHEN Xucan;ZHUO Jiankun;WANG Zun;GAN Xin;TANG Yong;YAO Zhaopu;LI Shuiqing;YAO Qiang(Department of Energy and Power Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Aerospace Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Beijing Institute of Control Engineering,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学能源与动力工程系,北京100084 [2]北京理工大学宇航学院,北京100081 [3]北京控制工程研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《中国空间科学技术》2023年第6期74-82,共9页Chinese Space Science and Technology

基　　金：青年科学基金(52106129);清华大学专项(20234810057);航天五院CAST创新基金。

摘　　要：直流电点火具备快速点火能力,有望取代传统催化燃烧以实现高含能离子液体推进剂的无催化快速启动。针对新型多模式硝酸羟胺(HAN)基离子液体推进剂,开展了大气条件下直流电点火实验研究。首先,测试了不同输入电压下的牺牲电极(铜和铝)和惰性电极(不锈钢、铂、银、钨、钼和石墨)的电学响应特性,获得了不同电极材料对应的最低点火电压。结果表明,采用钼和铜电极均能在输入电压80 V下实现电解点火,且临界电解响应时间小于1 s。进而,通过测试不同材料的阴阳电极组合,揭示了铜作为牺牲电极促进电化学反应的规律。最后,使用高速摄影技术捕捉了电解点火过程中气泡的生成和演变,发现阳极表面产生气泡更为剧烈。基于测试的8种电极材料实验结果,发现阳极是咪唑基离子液体电解产生气态产物的主要区域,对于离子液体的点火设计提供了理论支撑。DC electrical ignition is expected to replace the traditional catalytic combustion for achieving a non-catalytic quick start of ionic liquid propellant due to its capability of rapid ignition.Direct current ignition experiments under atmospheric conditions were carried out for a new multimode hydroxylamine nitrate(HAN)based ionic liquid propellant.First,the electrical response characteristic of sacrificial electrodes(copper and aluminum)and inert electrodes(stainless steel,platinum,silver,tungsten,molybdenum,and graphite)were tested under different input voltages.The corresponding minimum ignition voltages for different electrode materials were also obtained.Among them,molybdenum and copper electrodes can employ an input voltage of 80 V to ignite the propellant,with a critical electrical response time of less than 1 s.Furthermore,the mechanism of electrochemical reactions was demonstrated when copper was used as a sacrificial electrode by testing various combinations of anode and cathode materials.Finally,high-speed photography was employed to capture the formation and evolution of bubbles during the electrical ignition.It is found that more bubbles were generated on the surface of the anode.After testing the ignition of imidazole-based ionic liquid propellants using eight electrode materials,it can be concluded that the gaseous products were mainly generated near the anode,providing theoretical support for the design of ignition of ionic liquid.

关 键 词：离子液体推进剂 直流电点火 电极材料 电压响应曲线 电解特性 

分 类 号：V511[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]