下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴对胰岛β细胞的调控作用  

Regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis on isletβcells

作　　者：何志伟 黄文彬 杨雪[1] 陈煜[1] 刘超[1] He Zhiwei;Huang Wenbin;Yang Xue;Chen Yu;Liu Chao(Department of Endocrinology,Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210028,China)

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学附属中西医结合医院内分泌科,南京210028

出　　处：《国际内分泌代谢杂志》2023年第6期517-520,共4页International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism

基　　金：2022年江苏省研究生科研创新计划(KYCX22-2060)。

摘　　要：下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴(HPTA)是调节甲状腺激素合成与分泌的负反馈运转机制。胰岛β细胞是胰岛细胞中的一种,其功能受损是导致糖尿病发病的关键机制。研究表明,HPTA在维持胰岛β细胞功能的过程中扮演重要角色。甲状腺激素能促进胰岛β细胞发育、成熟和衰老,不同浓度的三碘甲状腺原氨酸能调控β细胞的增殖、凋亡,并影响其分泌功能。促甲状腺激素可通过上调葡萄糖转运蛋白2的表达直接影响β细胞对葡萄糖的摄取,并可与β细胞上的促甲状腺素受体结合影响胰岛素分泌。促甲状腺激素释放激素具有刺激胰岛素分泌基因表达的作用,能促进β细胞增殖和减少凋亡。探究HPTA对胰岛β细胞的调控作用,有望为糖尿病的防治提供新思路。The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis(HPTA)is a negative feedback mechanism that regulates the synthesis and secretion of thyroxine.Impaired function of pancreaticβcells,is a key mechanism contributing to the development of diabetes mellitus.Studies have shown that HPTA plays an important role in maintaining the function of pancreaticβcells.Thyroid hormone can promote the development,maturation and senescence ofβcells,and different concentrations of triiodothyronine can regulate the proliferation and apoptosis ofβcells,and affect the secretory function ofβcells.Thyrotropin can directly affect the uptake of glucose byβcells by up-regulating the expression of glucose transporter 2 and affect the function of insulin secretion through binding to thyrotropin receptors onβcells.Thyrotropin-releasing hormone has the effect of stimulating insulin secretion gene expression,promotingβcell proliferation and reducing apoptosis.Exploring the regulatory effects of HPTA on pancreaticβcells is expected to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.

关 键 词：下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴 甲状腺激素 促甲状腺激素 促甲状腺激素释放激素 胰岛Β细胞 

分 类 号：R587.1[医药卫生—内分泌]