中国人工作-家庭平衡观的变迁  

Changes in Chinese Personal Values of Work-Family Balance

作　　者：关健 孙雨晴 陈倩[1] 张新安[1] GUAN Jian;SUN Yu-qing;CHEN Qian;ZHANG Xin-an(Antai College of Economics and Management,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,200030,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院,上海200030

出　　处：《经济管理》2023年第11期133-151,共19页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“平台企业算法领导的阴暗面:基于权力失衡和意义建构视角的理论研究”(72232005);国家自然科学基金青年项目“人机协作情境下领导不道德行为的形成机制研究:基于刻板印象的视角”(72202134)。

摘　　要：工作和家庭是成年人生活中最重要的两个部分,也是研究者重点关注的领域。本文构建了工作-家庭平衡观概念,基于现代演化理论,利用世界价值观调查(WVS)和国家统计局数据,通过构建年龄-时期-世代模型(APC模型)来解析中国人工作-家庭平衡观的变化规律。研究发现:第一,中国人工作家庭平衡观随着时间的推移呈现先下降后上升的趋势,在2012年前后达到最低点(时期效应);第二,50后和60后的工作-家庭平衡观较低,70后和80后的工作-家庭平衡观逐渐上升并达到最高点,90后的工作-家庭平衡观转为逐渐下降(世代效应);第三,随着年龄的增长,中国人工作-家庭平衡观呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在45岁左右达到最高(年龄效应);最后,中国人工作-家庭平衡观的变迁趋势主要被社会经济条件、社会联结和社会威胁三方面共9项社会指标所解释。本文基于中国经济和社会环境的变化,拓展了工作和家庭界面的理论体系,为理解中国人工作-家庭平衡观的变迁规律提供了重要的理论视角和实证证据。Work and family are two of the most important areas of adult life.The relative importance of work over family reflects a person's value orientation at the work-family interface,which we refer to here as work-family balance values(WFBVs).As one of the personal values,WFBVs determine people's attitudes and behaviors in the field of work and family,and more importantly,they are closely related to changes in the economic and social environment.Given the great changes that have taken place in Chinese society since the reform and opening-up policy(after 1978),we believe that Chinese WFBVs may have changed over the past three decades.Therefore,this study focuses on the following two questions:First,how have Chinese WFBVs changed in the past 30 years?Second,what are the main social factors that lead to these changes in Chinese WFBVs?Using data from the World Values Survey(WVS),this paper revealed the changes in WFBVs among Chinese people over the past 30 years,and discussed the social factors that influence these changes by combining data from the National Bureau of Statistics of China.To be specific,we measured WFBVs by using two items related to the importance of work and the importance of family in the WVS database.Then,we draw on the Age-Period-Cohort model(i.e.,APC model)to analyze the changes of Chinese WFBVs across age,period,and cohort.On this basis,we tested the relationship between social indicators,including social economic condition(residents'consumption level,residents'Engel coefficient and total dependency ratio),social connectedness(family size,divorce rate and urbanization level),and social threat(crime rate,sewage pollution and traffic accident rate),and WFBVs change,and constructed a social antecedent model of WFBVs change.This paper reports four main findings:(1)Regarding the age effect,we found that Chinese WFBVs peaked in 1990(r_(1990)=0.065,p<0.001),and then declined for more than two decades(r_(1995)=0.036,p=0.002;r_(2001)=0.033,p=0.011;r_(2007)=-0.022,p=0.033),after reaching the lowest point in 20

关 键 词：工作-家庭平衡观 社会变迁 年龄-时期-世代模型 中国人 

分 类 号：C911[经济管理]