中国冰雪旅游发展模式及其体系建构  

Development modes and system establishments of ice and snow tourism in China

作　　者：杨建平[1] 唐凡 郭新瑜 陈虹举 YANG Jianping;TANG Fan;GUO Xinyu;CHEN Hongju(State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Tourism College of Jishou University,Zhangjiajie 427000,Hunan,China;School of Traffic and Transportation,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院、西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]吉首大学旅游学院,湖南张家界427000 [4]兰州交通大学交通运输学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2023年第6期1923-1939,共17页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA23060704);甘肃省科技重大专项(22ZD6FA005)资助。

摘　　要：冰雪旅游是冰雪经济的核心引擎,是实现绿色转型升级发展的有力抓手。在探讨冰雪旅游概念的基础上,从分析中国冰雪旅游发展历史经纬的角度,诠释了中国“冰雪+”全域旅游模式的发展过程,基于全域旅游发展理念,剖析了“冰雪+”全域旅游发展模式的内生-外衍机制,通过分析“冰雪+”全域旅游发展模式的区域差异性,构建了一套“冰雪+”全域旅游发展模式体系:东北地区冰雪产业发展模式、泛京津冀地区冰雪体育赛事模式、陕甘宁新冰雪-丝绸之路文化发展模式、青藏高原自驾探险与观光模式、大香格里拉地区冰川观光度假模式、南方地区冰雪休闲体验发展模式。尽管在北京冬奥会红利与国家全域旅游政策的助推下,冰雪旅游实现了“量”的跃升与融合发展,但其因冰雪的本质属性,既易受气候变化的不利影响,又受到市场竞争与冰雪科技发展等的强烈影响。最后,建议建立多元主体参与的规划决策机制;平衡利用冰、雪资源,适度开发冰川旅游资源,挖掘冰雪文化资源,发掘冰雪科技类资源;走综合发展道路,增强冰雪旅游业抗风险的韧性。In China,ice and snow tourism is becoming the core driver of ice and snow economy.China can powerfully realize green transformation and upgrading development by means of developing ice and snow tour⁃ism.The concept of ice and snow tourism is discussed firstly in this text.After that,the authors elaborate that the formation process of“ice and snow+”all-for-one tourism development mode on the basis of analyzing the historical development of China’s ice and snow tourism.This paper analyzes the endogenous-external develop⁃ment mechanism of“ice and snow+”all-for-one tourism development mode according to the all-for-one tourism development thinking.A set of“ice and snow+”all-for-one tourism development mode systems are constructed based on the analyses of their regional differences.The system is composed of snow and ice industry develop⁃ment mode in Northeast China,ice and snow sports events mode in pan Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,ice and snow-silk road culture development model in Shaanxi,Gansu,Ningxia,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and western part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,self-driving exploration and sightseeing model over the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau,glacier sightseeing resort model in big Shangri-la region,ice and snow leisure experience development model in southern China.Although the Beijing Winter Olympics and national all-forone tourism policy have promoted Chinese snow and ice tourism to achieve the“quantity”jump and fusion devel⁃opment,but it is suffered from climate warming,market competition,and ice and snow technology develop⁃ment.In the end,the article suggests to establish planning and decision-making mechanism involved from gov⁃ernments,enterprises,and individuals,to balance use of ice and snow resources,to moderate exploitation of glacier tourism resources,to develop ice-snow culture resources and scientific and technological resources,to take comprehensive development path,to enhance anti-risk resilience of snow and ice tourism.

关 键 词：“冰雪+”全域旅游 发展模式 区域差异性 模式体系 中国 

分 类 号：F592.99[经济管理—旅游管理]