淮北平原冻融期和非冻融期及年时段裸地潜水蒸发模拟研究  

Simulation of Phreatic Evaporation from Bare Land During Freeze-thaw and Non-freeze-thaw Periods and Annual Time Periods in the Huaibei Plain

作　　者：丁钰童 王怡宁 鞠琴[1,2] 周超 徐荣艳 张美娜 王振龙 DING Yu-tong;WANG Yi-ning;JU Qin;ZHOU Chao;XU Rong-yan;ZHANG Mei-na;WANG Zhen-ong(National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Centre for collaborative innovation in Hohai University Water Safety and water science,Nanjing 210098;Nanjing Institute of Water Resources,Nanjing 210029,China;Anhui Province(Huaiwei Committee of the Ministry of Water Resources)Wudaogou)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水灾害防御全国重点实验室,南京210098 [2]水安全与水科学协同创新中心,南京210098 [3]南京水利科学研究院,南京210029 [4]安徽省水利部淮委水利科学研究院五道沟水文实验站,安徽蚌埠230088

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2024年第1期1-7,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52179013,52109029);水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室专项经费(522012232,520004412);中国气象局水文气象重点开放实验室开放研究课题(23SWQXM048)。

摘　　要：为进一步揭示淮北平原砂姜黑土和黄潮土裸地冻融期、非冻融期日潜水蒸发变化规律及其与年时段计算结果的差异性,根据五道沟实验站2006~2022年62套原状土(0~5m)蒸渗仪观测资料,采用非线性最小二乘法,分别提出了两种土质3个时段日潜水蒸发量计算修正公式,并得到潜水蒸发极限埋深阈值hm和参数n的取值。结果表明:①两种土质经过修正后的阿维里扬诺夫计算公式计算日潜水蒸发量,较直接用水面蒸发(E601)计算精度提高0.9%~10.2%,其中砂姜黑土计算精度提高0.9%~10.2%。黄潮土计算精度提高3.6%~5.0%;②将潜水蒸发量的计算分成冻融期和非冻融期两个时段来考虑,比直接采用单一年时段潜水蒸发量计算公式,模拟精度有所提高,且两种土质计算精度表现出差异性,砂姜黑土冻融期提升6.6%,非冻融期提升2.8%;黄潮土冻融期提升1.3%,非冻融期提升2.6%;③砂姜黑土和黄潮土冻融期阈值hm分别为0.96、1.18,参数n分别为2.082、2.830;非冻融期阈值hm分别为1.39、1.69,参数n分别为2.236、0.719。采用年时段计算的阈值hm分别为1.23、1.66,参数n分别为2.758、0.740,实际应用时分别取冻融期及非冻融期的值较为合理。To better understand the daily phreatic evaporation during both the freeze-thaw and non-freeze-thaw periods in the bare ground of black soil and yellow moist soil in the Huaibei plain,and to compare it with the results of the calculations of the annual periods,this paper proposes a correction formula for calculating daily phreatic evaporation in three different time periods for the two different soils.The formula is based on 62 sets of observations from evaporation and seepage instrument,which measured the groundwater burial depth between 0~5 m at the Wudaogou Experimental Station from 2006 to 2022.The non-linear least squares method was used to obtain the threshold hm and the parameter n for the limit depth of submerged evaporation.The results showed that:①The corrected formula for calculating daily diving evaporation for both soils improved the accuracy by 0.9%to 10.2%compared to direct calculation with evaporation from water surface(E601);②the calculation of daily phreatic evaporation using the freeze-thaw and non-freeze-thaw periods significantly improved the accuracy of the calculation compared with that using the annual period.There were variations in the calculation accuracy between the two soil types,with 66.7%improvement in the freeze-thaw period and 122.8%improvement in the non-freeze-thaw period for black soil;1.3%improvement in the freeze-thaw period and 2.6%improvement in the non-freeze-thaw period for yellow tide soil.③The threshold values for the freeze-thaw period for black soil and yellow moist soil were 0.96 and 1.18 for hm and 2.082 and 2.830 for parameter n,respectively;the threshold values for the non-freeze-thaw period were 1.39 and 1.69 for hm and 2.236 and 0.719 for parameter n.The threshold values calculated using annual time periods were 1.23 and 1.66 for hm and 2.758 and 0.740 for parameter n,respectively.For practical applications,it is reasonable to take the values for the freeze-thaw and non-freeze-thaw periods.

关 键 词：冻融期 裸地 潜水蒸发 阿维里扬诺夫公式 极限潜水埋深 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]