不同水肥处理对水稻磷素吸收利用、产量和根干重的影响  

Effects of Different Water and Fertilizer Treatments on Phosphorus Uptake,Yield,and Root Dry Matter of Rice

作　　者：陈真雄 何军[1,2] 钟韵 华克骥 廖薇 甘学华 张宏涛 CHEN Zhen-xiong;HE Jun;ZHONG Yun;HUA Ke-ji;LIAO Wei;GAN Xue-hua;ZHANG Hong-tao(Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region,Ministry of Education,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei Province,China;College of Hydraulic&Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei Province,China;Hubei Zhanghe Hydraulic Project Administration)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心,湖北宜昌443002 [2]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002 [3]湖北省漳河工程管理局,湖北荆门448156

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2024年第1期87-93,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：湖北省水利重点科研项目(HBSLKY202207,HBSLKY201801);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1508302)。

摘　　要：为探明不同水肥处理对水稻磷素吸收利用、产量和根干重的影响,于2020年5-9月在湖北省漳河灌区开展水稻测坑种植试验,以水稻品种“Y两优957”为试验材料,设置淹水灌溉(W1)和间歇灌溉(W2)2种灌溉模式,常规肥(N1)和缓释肥(N2)2种施肥类型。采集泡田前和黄熟期收割后土样进行土壤全磷(TP)分析,于黄熟期测产,取植株样进行干物质称重,并化验地上部分植株各器官含磷量。结果表明,W2N2处理下水稻产量、磷素收获指数(PHI)、磷肥偏生产力(PFPP)和植株根干重均达最高,分别为8566.10 kg/hm^(2)、58.25%、214.35 kg/kg、255.47 g/m^(2);W2模式下水稻产量显著高于W1(P<0.05),分别高出10.85%(N1)和11.03%(N2);不同水肥处理下水稻各器官含磷量占比均为:穗>叶、茎,磷素会逐渐在穗部积累;施肥类型相同时,W2模式下植株茎、叶含磷量占比均高于W1,而穗含磷量占比均低于W1;灌溉模式相同时,N2条件下植株籽粒含磷量占比较N1高出4.50%(W1)和1.54%(W2);黄熟期收割后土壤TP含量均高于泡田前,收割后N2条件下稻田土壤TP含量较N1高出3.70%(W1)和6.25%(W2),收割后W2模式下稻田TP含量较W1高出13.33%(N1)和15.63%(N2)。间歇灌溉配施缓释肥可以有效促进水稻磷素吸收,进而实现增产。To investigate the effects of different water and fertilizer treatments on phosphorus absorption and utilization,yield,and root dry matter of rice,the experiment was conducted from May to September 2020 in the lysimeters at the Zhanghe Irrigation District of Hubei Province.Rice variety Y Liangyou 957 was chosen as the experimental material,and two irrigation modes were established:Continuous Flooding(W1)and Alternate Wetting and Drying(W2).Additionally,two types of fertilization were used:conventional fertilization(N1)and fertilization using slow-release fertilizers(N2).Soil samples were collected before soaking fields and after the harvest of the yellow maturity period for soil total phosphorus(TP)analysis.Yield was measured at the yellow maturity period,and plant samples were taken for dry matter weighing and phosphorus content testing of above-ground plants.The results showed that rice yield,phosphorus harvest index(PHI),phosphorus partial factor productivity(PFPP),and root dry matter were the highest under W2N2 treatment,which were 8566.10 kg/hm^(2),58.25%,214.35 kg/kg and 255.47 g/m^(2),respectively.The rice yield under W2 mode was significantly higher than that of conventional fertilizer(P<0.05),with an increase of 10.85%(N1)and 11.03%(N2),respectively.The proportion of phosphorus content in rice organs under different water and fertilizer treatments was as follows:panicle>leaf and stem,and phosphorus would gradually accumulate in panicle.Under the same fertilization type,the proportion of phosphorus content in the stem and leaf of W2 mode was higher than that of W1,while the proportion of phosphorus content in the panicle was lower than that of W1.Under the same irrigation mode,the phosphorus content of plant grain under N2 condition was 4.50%(W1)and 1.54%(W2)higher than that of N1.The content of TP in paddy soil after the harvest of the yellow maturity period was higher than before soaking fields.After the harvest,the content of TP in paddy soil under N2 was 3.70%(W1)and 6.25%(W2)higher than that under N1

关 键 词：水肥处理 灌溉模式 施肥类型 磷素吸收利用 产量 土壤总磷 根干重 缓释肥 

分 类 号：S271[农业科学—农业水土工程]