基于微喷带水肥一体化条件下冬小麦耗水特性和产量的研究  

Effects of Micro-sprinkler Water and Fertilizer Integration on Water Consumption Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat

作　　者：冷嶸宇 檀海斌 刘宏权[1] 兰印超 高惠嫣[1] LENG Rong-yu;TAN Hai-bin;LIU Hong-quan;LAN Yin-chao;GAO Hui-yan(Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,Hebei Province,China;Hebei Science and Technology Innovation)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学,河北保定071001 [2]河北省科技创新服务中心,石家庄050000

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2024年第1期101-108,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：河北省重点研发项目(21327002D)。

摘　　要：探究微喷带水肥一体化条件下冬小麦耗水特性和产量的变化规律,可以为冬小麦适宜的水肥管理制度提供科学依据。2021年10月至2022年6月在河北省石家庄市国家半干旱中心鹿泉综合试验站进行田间试验,考虑了灌水和施氮2个因素,每个因素设置了3个水平,以对照小区达到田间持水量下限(返青~拔节60±2%FC,拔节~成熟70±2%FC)时进行灌水,灌到上限(90%FC),灌水量记为I(W3),3个灌水水平为:W3(100%I)、W2(80%I)、W1(60%I);设置3个施氮水平为N3(220 kg/hm^(2))、N2(160 kg/hm^(2))、N1(100 kg/hm^(2))。试验结果表明:冬小麦总耗水量在406.00~479.11 mm。冬小麦全生育期耗水量各组成所占比例表现为:土壤供水所占比例最大,48.86%~57.35%;其次为灌水,25.24%~39.38%;最低为降水13.65%~16.11%。冬小麦产量随灌水水平的提高增产1.60%~15.30%,随施氮水平的提高增产1.40%~10.02%。水分利用效率随灌水水平的提高先增后减,在W2处理下得最大值2.03 kg/m^(3);随施氮水平的提高先增长后趋于稳定,在N2处理下得最大值1.99 kg/m^(3)。氮肥偏生产力随灌水水平的提高先上升后趋于稳定,随施氮水平的提高下降26.25%~49.98%。W2N2相较于W3N3而言在水氮投入均减少20%的条件下,产量无显著差异,且水分利用效率与氮肥偏生产力分别分别比W3N3高6.09%和34.27%。说明节水减氮不会造成产量的显著下降,并能获得较高的水氮利用效率。在本试验条件下,综合考虑冬小麦产量和水氮利用效率,W2N2(80%I,160 kg/hm^(2))为最佳的灌溉施肥组合。A field experiment was conducted from October 2021 to June 2022 at Luquan Comprehensive Experimental Station of Shijiazhuang National Semi-Arid Center in Hebei Province.The aim of the experiment was to explore the impact of micro-sprinkler water and fertilizer integration on water consumption characteristics and yield of winter wheat.The result of the experiment will provide a scientific basis for the development of a suitable water and fertilizer management system of winter wheat.The experiment conducted in this study involved three irrigation levels(W1,W2,W3)and three nitrogen application levels(N1,N2,N3).Irrigation was performed when the control plot reached the lower limit of field capacity(60±2%FC from regreening to jointing,70±2%FC from jointing to maturity),and the irrigation amount was recorded as I(W3).Three nitrogen levels were N3(220 kg/hm^(2)),N2(160 kg/hm^(2))and N1(100 kg/hm^(2)).The results show that the total water consumption of winter wheat was 406.00 mm~479.11 mm.The proportion of each component of water consumption in the whole growth period of winter wheat is as follows:the proportion of soil water supply is the largest,48.86%~57.35%;followed by irrigation water,25.24%~39.38%;the lowest is precipitation,13.65%~16.11%.The yield of winter wheat increased by 1.60%~15.30%with the increase of irrigation level and increased by 1.40%~10.02%with the increase of nitrogen application level.The water use efficiency increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation level,and the maximum value was 2.03 kg/m^(3) under W2 treatment.With the increase of nitrogen application level,it increased first and then stabilized,and the maximum value was 1.99 kg/m^(3) under N2 treatment.The partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer increased first and then tended to be stable with the increase of irrigation level,and decreased by 26.25%~49.98%with the increase of nitrogen application level.Compared with W3N3,W2N2 had no significant difference in yield under the condition of 20%reduction in w

关 键 词：水肥一体化 冬小麦 产量 耗水特性 水氮利用效率 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]