民事诉讼过程中法院调取通话记录的合宪性考析  

An Examination of the Constitutionality of Court Access to Call Records in the Course of Civil Litigation

作　　者：吴飞 WU fei(School of Law and Institute of Marxism,Fudan University,Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law Research Base of Shanghai,Shanghai 200082,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院、马克思主义研究院,上海市习近平法治思想研究基地,上海200082

出　　处：《西南政法大学学报》2023年第6期131-148,共18页Journal of Southwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“国家治理体系和治理能力现代化中的法治与德治研究”(17JZD005);江苏省习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心项目“民主话语新秩序建构视角下全过程人民民主的向度与限度研究”(22ZXYB019)。

摘　　要：考察法院在民事诉讼过程中调取通话记录合宪性的关键在于论证作为行为依据的《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》(以下简称《民事诉讼法》)第70条能否被《中华人民共和国宪法》(以下简称《宪法》)第40条关于通信权的规定所涵摄,分析的展开应严格遵循基本权利限制“三阶层”审查框架。就通信权保护范围而言,“一般位置保护说”“差别位置保护说”以及“一般内容说”“类型内容说”都无法在通信权框架下完成基于规范主义的权利保护任务,“双层构造说”则较为合理,通过采取“通信构成要素”与“通信内容”的界分将通话记录纳入前者即可解决保护范围问题。《宪法》第40条首句体现了对“通信构成要素”的“一般法律保留”,次句体现了对“通信内容”的“加重法律保留”,民事诉讼中法院依据《民事诉讼法》第70条调取作为“通信构成要素”的通话记录具有合宪性。The key to examining the validity of the court’s collection of call records in the course of civil litigation is to argue whether Article 70 of the Civil Procedure Law,which is the basis of the conduct,can be covered by the provisions of Article 40 of the Constitution on the right to communicate,and the analysis should be carried out in strict accordance with the“three-tier”review framework of basic rights restrictions.As far as the scope of protection of the right of communication is concerned,the“general location protection theory”,“differential location protection theory”,“general content theory”and“type content theory”cannot complete the task of rights protection based on normatism under the framework of communication right,while the“two-tier structure theory”is more reasonable,and the problem of the scope of protection can be solved by taking the distinction between“communication constituent elements”and“communication content”and including call records in the former.The first sentence of Article 40 of the Constitution embodies a“general legal reservation”for“constituent elements of communication”,and the second sentence embodies an“aggravated legal reservation”for“content of communication”,and the call records obtained by the people’s courts as“constituent elements of communications”in civil litigation in accordance with article 70 of the Civil Procedure Law are constitutional.

关 键 词：合宪性 调取通话记录 通信权 保护范围 法律保留 

分 类 号：DF414[政治法律—经济法学]