数字经济多赛道竞争的权力机制——以美国和欧盟数字经济政策为例  

The Power Mechanism of Multi-track Competition in the Digital Economy:The Case of US and EU Digital Economy Policies

作　　者：安怡宁 田野[1] An Yining;Tian Ye(School of International Studies,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《国际关系研究》2023年第6期17-37,M0003,M0004,共23页Journal of International Relations

摘　　要：在数字经济领域,大国在前沿技术、技术标准、商业模式和数据规制四条赛道同时展开竞争,且各赛道的竞争格局相互关联,行为体在单一赛道的优势能够经由权力机制实现跨赛道外溢。基于此,在资源有限性的约束下,国家会将资源首先集中投入到容易获得并稳固初始优势的赛道,此即“主赛道”。在主赛道中建立竞争优势后,国家将以此优势为权力资源,在联系/结构性场域或互动/构成性场域中行使权力,进而提升多赛道竞争力。作为数字领域的重要行为体,美国和欧盟对“主赛道”的选择存在差异,这塑造了二者数字经济政策中权力机制的运行方式:美国将ICT技术作为主赛道,以技术优势获得权力,并在联系性和结构性场域中行使权力以提升多赛道优势;欧盟则以国际数据规制为主赛道,凭借规制的域外影响力获得权力,通过在互动性和构成性关系中行使权力来提升多赛道竞争力。相较于美国的技术优势和欧盟的规制优势,“超大规模市场”构成了中国发展数字经济的独特资源,中国可立足于此构建数字经济发展战略,提升多赛道竞争力。In the digital economy competition,the great powers compete in four tracks of technology,technical standards,business model and data regulation at the same time.The competitive pattern of each track is interrelated,and the advantages of a single track can be spread across the track through the power mechanism.Under the constraint of limited resources,countries tend to invest resources in the track where they are more likely to gain an initial advantage,namely the“main track”,obtains power by virtue of its competitive advantages,and then enhances the competitiveness in other tracks by exercising power in the relational/structural field or the interactive/constitutive field.As critical actors in the digital field,US and EU have chosen different“main tracks”,which further shapes the operation mode of power mechanism:the main track of the US is ICT technology track,through which US gains power,and enhances multi-track competitiveness through relational and structural power.EU chooses data regulation as the main track,gaining power by virtue of the extraterritorial influence of regulations,and enhancing the competitiveness of multiple tracks by exercising power in interactive and constitutive relationships.Compared with the technological advantages of the US and the regulatory advantages of the EU,the“great-scale market”constitutes a unique resource for China's digital economy.Thus,China could formulate digital economy policies based on this,and enhance the multi-track competitiveness.

关 键 词：数字经济竞争 多赛道竞争 权力机制 美欧模式 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济]