收缩型城市:概念、认知与治理  

Shrinking Cities:Concept,Perception and City Governance

作　　者：陈友华[1] 张钒 Chen Youhua;Zhang Fan

机构地区：[1]南京大学社会学院

出　　处：《治理研究》2023年第6期37-52,158,F0002,共18页Governance Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“实现积极老龄化的公共政策及其机制研究”(编号:17ZDA120)。

摘　　要：伴随着中国城市化速度逐渐放缓与人口负增长,城市化进入成熟阶段,城市收缩现象逐渐蔓延开来。本文梳理了收缩城市的概念与城市认知变迁过程,从人口空间演进和城市发展趋势角度对收缩型城市进行了探讨。主要研究结果包括:第一,在工业与后工业社会,城市一旦收缩就再难“起死回生”。“小而美”“瘦而强”的城市蓝图更多带有乌托邦色彩。第二,当前中国城市规划的主要缺陷在于城市规划与城市发展不匹配,城市规划者作为利益相关者难以完全客观、科学地指导城市规划。第三,应站在国家治理的角度,转变关于城市收缩的思想认识,由被动抗拒到主动接受;促进户籍制度变革,让个人拥有自由迁徙权;坚定发展市场经济,让市场在资源配置中发挥决定性作用;建立财富创造激励机制;健全覆盖全体国民的基本社会保障制度。With the slowdown in China’s urban growth,urbanization has entered a mature age,which makes shrinking cities a serious problem.This paper reviews the concept of shrinking cities and the transformation of the urban cognition.We discuss the shrinking cities phenomenon from the view of the spatial evolution of the population,as well as the trends of urban development.We obtained the following results.First,in industrial and post-industrial societies,once a city shrinks,it is difficult to“revive”,which means the expectation of“small” but “beautiful”and“thin but strong”cities is limited to utopian imagination.Second,there are two basic limitations of China’s current urban planning:the mismatch between urban planning and urban development,and the failure of planner-stakeholders to guide urban planning in an objective and scientific way.Finally,from the perspective of the state,this paper suggests a way of dealing with a large number of cities entering the shrinking stage:i)ideological understanding towards urban shrinkage should be changed from passive to active;ii)the Household Registration System should allow for the free right of migration;and,iii)in order to make the market play a fundamental role in city shrinking,it is suggested to focus on the development of the Market Economy,establish an incentive mechanism for wealth creation,and a basic Social Insurance System that covers all citizens while strengthening the protection of property rights.

关 键 词：收缩型城市 规模效应 城市规划 城市治理 

分 类 号：F299.2[经济管理—国民经济] C924.2[社会学—人口学]