不锈钢双曲异形蒙皮拉深成形强弱压边控形技术  

Strong and weak blank holder control technology on deep drawing forstainless steel hyperbolic special-shaped skin

作　　者：白颖 郭全庆 贾敏 韩艳彬 李欢 张欣 Bai Ying;Guo Quanqing;Jia Min;Han Yanbin;Li Huan;Zhang Xin(AVIC Xi′an Aircraft Industry Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi′an 710089,China)

机构地区：[1]中航西安飞机工业集团股份有限公司,陕西西安710089

出　　处：《锻压技术》2023年第12期111-120,共10页Forging & Stamping Technology

摘　　要：双向凹陷的不锈钢异形蒙皮拉深成形困难,借助有限元数值模拟技术开展对接蒙皮工艺型面补充和压延筋结构设计对材料厚度的影响程度分析,以解决零件毛坯精确展开、拉深成形过程精准过渡、起皱控制、缓裂保护和回弹补偿等难题,指导制定不锈钢对接蒙皮的试验方案。研究提出一种端部近圆形、法兰倾斜的封闭拉深体设计方法,使L型开敞截面的双曲零件四周均受到压边束缚;设计了多组压延筋结构模型,模拟验证了三段式不等高随形压延筋结构对均衡凹模口材料流动的控制效果最好。试验结果表明:在一次成形接近极限高度的不锈钢异形蒙皮时,合理的工艺模型和压延筋结构可以改善复杂结构拉深成形缺陷,较好地控制材料增厚,并减小异形蒙皮的屈曲变形和回弹。For the difficult deep drawing of special-shaped stainless steel skin with bidirectional depression,the influence dedgree of process addendum profile and structure design of draw bead on the material thickness were analyzed by finite element numerical simulation technology to solve the problems of accurate unfolding of blank,precise transition in the deep drawing,wrinkling control,crack protection and springback compensation,and the formulation of test plans for stainless steel butt skins was guided.Then,a design method for a closed drawn body with nearly rounded end and inclined flange was proposed,so that the hyperbolic parts with L-shaped open section were all surrounded by blank holder force.Furthermore,multiple sets of draw bead structural models were designed,and the three-stage unequal height conforming draw bead structure had the best control effect on the balanced material flow at the die opening which was verified by simulation.The experimental results show that when forming stainless steel special-shaped skins which are close to the ultimate height in one step,reasonable process model and draw bead structure can improve the deep drawing defects of complex structures,better control material thickening,and reduce the buckling deformation and springback of special-shaped skins.

关 键 词：拉深成形 不锈钢 双向凹陷 压延筋 工艺补充型面 对接蒙皮 

分 类 号：TG386[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]