论东巴文学的源与流  

On the Origin and Flow of Dongba Literature

作　　者：杨杰宏[1] YANG Jie-hong(Institute of Ethnic Literature,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族文学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《黔南民族师范学院学报》2023年第5期30-37,45,共9页Journal of Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities

基　　金：中国社科院民族文学所国情调研基地项目(GQSJ2023029)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：东巴文学的起源与原始巫术有着密切关系,这与当时社会生产力水平低下、全民信巫崇巫的习俗密不可分。从历时性来说,东巴文学经历了早期、中期、晚期三个发展阶段。早期的东巴文学更多与氐羌族群文化息息相关,反映了纳西族远古时期的生产生活;中期的东巴文学受藏族本教及藏传佛教文化影响较大,大量的外来宗教神灵及其叙事作品融入到东巴文学中;晚期的东巴文学吸纳了大量的民间传说故事,反映了社会阶级矛盾与斗争,带有浓郁的现实主义色彩。东巴教长期处于原始宗教形态,纳西族地区经济发展不充分,也未获得统治阶层的扶持是东巴文学发展的主要制约因素。The origin of Dongba literature is closely related to primitive witchcraft,which is inseparable from the low level of social productivity at that time and the custom of worshipping and believing witchcraft among the whole people.From a diachronic perspective,Dongba literature has experienced three stages of development:early,middle,and late stages.The early Dongba literature is more closely related to the culture of the Di Qiang ethnic group,reflecting the production and life of the Naxi ethnic group in ancient times.In the middle period,Dongba literature was greatly influenced by Xizang native religion and Xizang Buddhist culture,and a large number of foreign religious deities and their narrative works were incorporated into Dongba literature.The late Dongba literature absorbed a large number of folklore stories,reflecting social class contradictions and struggles,with a strong sense of realism.Inadequate economic development in Naxi ethnic areas,the long-standing primitive religious form of Dongba religion,and the lack of support from the ruling class are the main constraints on the development of Dongba literature.

关 键 词：东巴文学 原始巫术 口头传统 创世神话 

分 类 号：I207.9[文学—中国文学]