基于电磁层析成像的钢轨探伤传感器设计与优化  

Design and Optimization of Sensors for Rail Damage Detection Based on Electromagnetic Tomography

作　　者：付成凯 FU Chengkai(China Railway 18th Bureau Group Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300222,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁十八局集团有限公司,天津300222

出　　处：《国防交通工程与技术》2024年第1期5-12,4,共9页Traffic Engineering and Technology for National Defence

摘　　要：电磁层析成像(Electromagnetic Tomography,EMT)具有非接触、安全无污染、实现简单等优点,能够对钢轨表面和浅表面的损伤进行检测与定位,其中,传感器设计与优化是电磁层析成像的一个关键问题。为实现最优传感器设计,以完整钢轨作为被检测对象,首先设计了一种新型传感器阵列结构,验证钢轨探伤的可行性。结合灵敏度矩阵条件数和均匀性,提出了传感器优化指标即模型优化函数G。在此基础上,通过实验验证了模型优化函数的正确性,证明了模型优化函数与图像重建性能的正相关,并采用正交实验法进行传感器复合参数优化。对比优化前后的探伤效果发现,优化传感器设计参数后,模型探伤性能增强,从而多方面证实了优化过程的合理性。Electromagnetic tomography(EMT)offers several advantages such as non-contact,safety,and environmental friendliness,making it a simple and effective method for detecting and locating damage on the surface and shallow subsurfaces of steel rails.One of the critical issues in EMT is the design and optimization of sensors.To achieve the optimal sensor design,taking the intact steel rails as the target objects,a novel sensor array structure was first developed to validate its feasibility for rail damage detection.Combining the sensitivity matrix condition number and uniformity,a sensor optimization index,i.e.,the model optimization function,was proposed.On this basis,the correctness of the model optimization function was verified through experiments,demonstrating a positive correlation between the model optimization function and image reconstruction performance.Orthogonal experimental design was employed to optimize the composite parameters of sensors.Comparative analysis of detection results before and after sensor parameter optimization revealed that the optimized sensor design enhanced the model's inspection effectiveness,thereby providing multiple confirmations of the rationality of the optimization process.

关 键 词：电磁层析成像 钢轨探伤 传感器设计 模型优化函数 设计参数 

分 类 号：TP212[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] U213.43[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]