基于水文-水力-生境分析的河道基本生态流量计算方法  

Calculation method of basic instream ecological flow based on hydrological-hydraulic-habitat analysis

作　　者：黄冬菁 李一平[3] 崔广柏[4] 段永刚 姚嘉良 HUANG Dongjing;LI Yiping;CUI Guangbo;DUAN Yonggang;YAO Jialiang(School of Water Conservancy&Environment Engineering,Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Hangzhou 310018,China;Key Laboratory for Technology in Rural Water Management of Zhejiang Province,Hangzhou 310018,China;College of Environment,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江水利水电学院水利与环境工程学院,浙江杭州310018 [2]浙江省农村水利水电资源配置与调控关键技术重点实验室,浙江杭州310018 [3]河海大学环境学院,江苏南京210098 [4]河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《水资源保护》2024年第1期142-148,156,共8页Water Resources Protection

基　　金：浙江省水利厅科技计划项目(RA2008,RB2206);浙江省农村水利水电资源配置与调控关键技术重点实验室开放基金项目(ZJWEU-RWM-20200104B);浙江省联合基金重点项目(LZJWZ24E090003)。

摘　　要：针对现有河道基本生态流量计算方法无法兼顾结果准确和流程简约的问题,提出了一种综合水文频率、水力条件及生境需求的基本生态流量计算方法。选取流域控制断面进行径流还原,根据河道天然来水特性和水生生物需水特性划分水期,进行分期水文排频;利用水力学方法计算断面流量与平均水深和平均流速之间的关系;根据生态水深和生态流速等生境指标需求,综合分析得到不同水期下的河道基本生态流量。将该方法应用于浙江始丰溪流域基本生态流量计算,并将计算结果与Tennant法结果进行对比分析,结果表明:沙段水文站控制断面产卵育幼期的基本生态流量为16.0 m^(3)/s,一般用水期的基本生态流量为4.4 m^(3)/s,计算结果落在Tennant法的计算区间值中;本文提出的方法计算结果合理,可针对不同水期给出更为精准的基本生态流量。In response to the problem that existing methods for calculating the basic instream ecological flow fail to balance the accuracy of calculated results and the simplicity of processes,a basic instream ecological flow calculation method integrating hydrological frequency,hydraulic conditions,and habitat requirements was proposed.With the natural runoff restored on the selected control section,the water use periods were classified according to hydrological characteristics of the river channel and water requirements of aquatic organisms,and the hydrological frequency arrangement was conducted for different periods.Then,the relationships between water discharge,mean water depth,and mean flow velocity were specified by the hydraulic method.Through analyzing requirements of biological environment indicators,including ecological water depth and ecological flow velocity,the basic instream ecological flow for different water use periods was determined.The proposed method was applied to the Shifeng River Basin in Zhejiang Province,and the results show that the calculated basic ecological flow of the representative section at the Shaduan hydrological station in the river basin was 16.0 m^(3)/s during the spawning and larval development period and 4.4 m^(3)/s during the general water use period.By comparison,the calculated results of the proposed method were in the range of those of the Tennant method,demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed method,and the values of basic instream ecological flow with higher accuracy can be obtained by the proposed method in different water use periods.

关 键 词：生态流量 控制断面 水文频率 水力计算 生境需求 始丰溪流域 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]