玉米秸秆及其生物炭复配基质对玉米根系构型的影响  

Effects of maize straw and its biochar composite substrates on the architecture of maize roots

作　　者：张立芸 黎力 张海东 杨文彩 ZHANG Liyun;LI Li;ZHANG Haidong;YANG Wencai(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学机电工程学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2024年第2期207-217,共11页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：云南省教育厅科学研究基金(2019J0178,2022J0343);云南绿色食品国际合作研究中心项目(2019ZG00902-03)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究玉米Zea mays L.秸秆及其生物炭对设施栽培中基质改良的价值,探明玉米根系构型及其对不同复配基质的响应。【方法】采用盆栽试验,测定并分析了不同配比基质的理化性质和玉米地上部、根系生物量,采用WinRHIZO(Pro.2020a)根系分析系统分析计算玉米根系的形态以及分形、拓扑结构特征参数,采用SPSS软件分析地上部/根系生物量、根系形态特征与构型特征参数的相关性。【结果】添加秸秆及其生物炭的各处理中,T3处理(蛭石、珍珠岩、玉米秸秆和玉米秸秆生物炭的添加量分别为22.4、22.4、22.4和44.8 dm^(3))的理化性质相较CK最为优化,总孔隙度和持水孔隙度分别达到81.02%和55.38%,可利用的速效氮、磷、钾含量均处在最优水平。T3处理根系的生物量和根长、根表面积、根体积3个主要形态特征参数均与其他处理差异显著,分别高于CK处理112.82%、79.89%、101.21%和102.53%。随着秸秆及其生物炭添加比例的增加,各处理根系分形维数逐渐增大,从CK的1.425增大至T3的1.514;拓扑指数逐渐减小,从CK的0.699减小至T3的0.627,T3处理的拓扑指数更接近0.5。玉米根系生物量和主要形态特征参数与分形维数、分形丰度呈极显著正相关,与拓扑指数呈极显著负相关。【结论】添加秸秆及其生物炭可改善基质理化性质,为根系提供优质生长环境;环境对根系构型的可塑性较高,可以使玉米根系构型向更利于养分和水分利用的方向改变;根系构型性状可在一定程度上表征根系形态特征,也可作为指标来验证复合基质的栽培效果。【Objective】To study the value of maize straw and its biochar for substrate improvement in facility cultivation,and explore the response of root architecture of maize to different compound substrates.【Method】A pot experiment was carried out,the physicochemical properties of different ratios of substrates and the biomass of aboveground and roots of maize were measured and analyzed.The morphological,fractal and topological structure parameters of maize roots were analyzed and calculated by WinRHIZO(Pro.2020a)root analysis system.SPSS software was used to analyze the correlation of the aboveground/root biomass,root morphological parameters and architectural characteristics.【Result】Among the treatments with addition of straw and its biochar,the physicochemical properties of T3 treatment(the addition volumes of vermiculite,perlite,maize straw and maize straw biochar were 22.4,22.4,22.4 and 44.8 dm^(3) respectively)were the most optimized compared to CK,with total porosity and water-holding porosity reaching 81.02%and 55.38%respectively,and the contents of available N,P,and K were all at the optimal level.In T3 treatment,the biomass of the root system,as well as the three main morphological parameters of root length,root surface area,and root volume,were significantly different from other treatments,which were 112.82%,79.89%,101.21%,and 102.53%higher than CK,respectively.With the increase of straw and its biochar addition ratio,the root fractal dimension of each treatment gradually increased,from 1.425 in CK to 1.514 in T3,and the topological index gradually decreased,from 0.699 in CK to 0.628 in T3,the topological index of T3 was closer to 0.5.The maize root biomass and main morphological parameters had very significantly positive correlations with fractal dimension and fractal abundance,and very significantly negative correlations with topological index.【Conclusion】The addition of straw and its biochar can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the substrate and provide a high-qual

关 键 词：玉米 玉米秸秆 生物炭 根系构型 分形维数 拓扑指数 

分 类 号：S145.4[农业科学—肥料学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学]